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| The wings of birds and insects, although used for similar functions, have no underlying structural similarty. |
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| Selection by humans of traits that are desirable in plants or animals and breeding of only those individuals that possess that desired trait. |
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| The study of the Distribution of organisms. |
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| The particular place where a species originated or evolved. |
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| The independent evolution of similar structures that carry of similar functions, in two or more organisms of widely different, unrelated ancestry |
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| Where the order of nucleotide bases ina strand of DNA that codes for a gene shared by several organisms is determined. |
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| Cumulative genetic change in a population of organisms from generation. Evolution leads to differences among populations and explains the origin of all of the organisms that exist today or have ever existed. |
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| Parts of an ancient organism or traces left by previous life. |
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| All the genes present in a population |
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| The bird wing, bat wing, dolphin flipper, and human arm are homologous becuase they have a basic underlying similarity of structure. |
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| The tendency of organisms that posses favorable adaptations to their environment to survive and become the parents of the next generation; evolution occurs when natural selection results in changes in allele frequencies in a population; the new mechanism of evolution first proposed by Charles Darwin. |
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| Synthetic Theory of Evolution (neo-Darwinism) |
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| the synthesis of previous theories of Mendelian genetics with Darwin's theory of evolution, to formulate a comprehensive explanation of evolution; also called (neo-Darwinism). Also emphasizes the genetics of populations rather than individuals. |
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| An evolutionary remnant of a formerly funtional structure. |
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| Alternate forms of a gene that occupy corresponding positions on Homologous Chromosomes. |
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| Speciation that occurs when one population becomes geographically separated from the rest of the species and subsequently evolves. Compare with Sympatric Speciation |
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| a polyploid-Possession of more than two sets of chromosomes per nucleus- formed by joining one or more sets of chromosomes from each of two different species. |
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| The movement of alleles between local populations, or demes, due to the migration of individuals. Gene Flow can have significant evolutionary consequences. |
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| All the genes present in a population |
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| A random change in allele frequency in a small breeding population. |
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| Hardy-Weinbrg Principle/law |
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Definition
| the principle that regardless of dominance or recessiveness, allel frequencies do not change from generation to generation on a larfe population in the absence of evolution(natural selection, migration, genetic drift). |
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| A phenomenon in which he heterozygous condition confers some special advantage on an individual that either homozygous condition does not, i.e., Aa has a higher degree of fitness than does AA or aa. |
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| Changes in allele frequencies that occur within a population over successive generations. |
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| A change in the DNA (a gene) of an organism. A mutation in reproductive cells may be passed onto the next generation, where it may result in birth defects or genetic disease. Also provides the genetic varialbility that natural selection acts upon during evolution. |
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| the tendency of organisms that possess favorable adaptations to their enviroment to survive and become the parents of the next generation; evolution occurs when natural selection results in changes in allele frequencies in a population; the mechanism of evolution first proposed by Charles Darwin. |
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| A group of organisms of the same species hat live in the sme geographical area at the same time. |
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| The reproductive barriers that prevent a species from interbreeding with another species. As a result each species gene pool is isolated from other species. |
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| Evolution of a whole new species. |
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| A group of organisms with similar structural and functional characteristics that in nature breed only with one another and have a close common ancestry; a group of organisms with a common gene pool. |
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| The evolution of a new species with the same geographical region as the parent species. Compare with allopatric speciation. |
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| Charles Darwin's first observation of Evolution: Overproduction |
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Definition
| Each species produces more offspring than will survive to maturity. |
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| Charles Darwin's second observation of Evolution: Variation |
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| The individuals in a population exihibit heritable variation in their traits. |
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| Charles Darwin's third observation of Evolution: Limits on Population Growth |
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Definition
| Organisms compete with one another for the resources needed for life (that is, for available food, space, water, light, and so on). |
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| Charles Darwin's fourth observation of Evolution: "Survival to Reproduce"- "Survival of the Fittest" |
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Definition
| The offspring with the most favoralbe combination of characteristics are most likely to survive and reproduce, passing those genetic characters to the next generation. |
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| What did Hutton and Lyell's work contribute to the study of evolution? |
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Definition
| They scientifically proved that the earth was billions of years old because of the weathering of the earth instead of only the few thousand years everyone actually thought. |
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| 1)Any feature of an organism that improves its chances of surviving and producing offspring. Adaptations are favored by natural selection. 2) A decrease in the response of a receptor that is subjected to repeated or prolonged stimulation. |
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| What was the name of Darwin’s book on the theory of evolution? |
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| Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection |
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| The physical or chemical expression of an organism’s genes. |
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| The complete genetic makeup of an organism. |
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| Evolution of a new species |
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| When closely related species differentiate in seasonal comings and goings like the black and white sage bloom at separate times. |
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| When a species have highly specialized courtship rituals that differentiate from those of a closely related species like when a male satin bowerbird decorates his bower with little flowers and feathers to attract a mate. |
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| What 5 conditions must be met to keep a population stable (non-evolving) according to the Hardy Weinberg Principle. |
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Definition
1) Random Mating
2) No Mutations
3) Large Population Size
4) No Migration
5) No natural Selection |
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| A genetic drift that results from a small population colonizing a new area. |
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