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| composed of defenses that are always active, but that cannot target a specific invader and cannot maintain immunologic memory; also called nonspecific immunity |
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| composed of defenses that take time to activate, but that target a specific invader and can maintain immunologic memory; called specific immunity |
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| basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil |
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| antibacterial enzymes found on the skin |
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| consists of a number of proteins in teh blood that act as a nonspecific defense against bacteria; can be activated by classical pathway or alternative pathway; form tubes that punch hole in bacterial membrane |
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| protect against viruses by decreasing production of viral and cell proteins alike; also upregulate MHC class I and II molecules to increase antigen presentation |
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| agranulocyte derived from monocytes; phagocytizes invaders and presents antigens using major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) |
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| major histocompatibility complex |
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- MHC I - all cells in body display this class, presents antigens from inside the cell, also called endogenous pathway
- MHC II - displayed by professional APCs, macrophages, dendritic cells, exogenous pathway
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| pattern recognition receptors |
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| able to recognize the category of the invader and produce appropriate cytokines to recruit the right type of immune cells |
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| kills virally infected cells and cancer cells; recognizes downregulation of MHC |
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| most common granulocyte, phagocytic, target bacteria |
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| primarily involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections; release large amount of histamine to allow additional immune cells to come to the party |
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| respond to allergens, release histamine |
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| What are the three things antibodies can do? |
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- opsonize - attract other leukocytes to phagocytize antigens
- agglutinate - cause pathogens to clump together to be phagocytized
- degranulation - degranulation of granulocyte
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| What is the anatomy of an antibody? |
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- 2 identical heavy chains and 2 identical light chains
- antigen binding region with variable region at tip
- constant region is rest of antibody
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| when B-cells change the isotype of antibody they produce |
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| maturing only cells that can respond to the presentation of antigen |
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| causing apoptosis of cells that are self-reactive |
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| What are the three kinds of T-cells and what do they do? |
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- Helper T-cells (CD4 T-cells) - coordinate immune response
- Cytotoxic or killer T-cells (CD8 T-cells) - directly kill specific cells
- Regulatory T-cells - turn off immune response after infection is taken care of
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Term
| active vs. passive immunity |
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Definition
| stimulating immune system to create memory cells vs. giving the body antibodies |
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