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| What is the basic structural unit of the body? |
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Which of the following are the smallest cells?
Human Ovum
Red Blood Cell
White Blood Cell
Smooth Muscle Cell |
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| The two major parts of a cell are the nucleus and the ______. |
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| A ribosome is an example of a ____. |
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| A cell membrane allows only needed substances to pass and is therefor called______. |
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| A human cell membrane is comprised of the following, except which one : Lipids, Proteins,Nucleic Acids and Carbohydrates? |
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| The following terms belong together except which: protein, phospholipid, hydrophilic ends, hydrophobic ends? |
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| The following molecules freely pass through a cell membrane except which one: oxygen, carbon dioxide, amino acids, certain lipids? |
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| The selective movement of ions through a membrane occurs through areas called _____. |
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| The ___ contains enzymes that are associated with protein synthesis. |
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| The ___ functions to package molecules into vesicles that can be transported out of a cell. |
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| A combination of a sugar with a protein is a ___. |
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| The ___ functions as a sac-like or tubular network of structures that provides transport. |
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| The____ is the source of most of the cellular energy. |
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| The cristae are the inner portions of the _____. |
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| The ____ contain enzymes that are used to degrade foreign particles as well as cell structures. |
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| The ___ is the organelle that plays a complex function in a cell reproduction. |
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| The structures that cause fluids and mucus to move across their surface are the ____. |
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| Membranous sac that contain fluids or particles for transport are called the ___. |
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| The movement of particles from a higher to lower concentration is termed _____. |
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| The following will increase the rate of diffusion except which factor : increased temperature, increased concentration, increased molecular weight, shorter ... |
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Definition
| Increased molecular wieght |
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| Movement of particles from higher to lower concentrations through a membrane, such as in dialysis, occurs by ____. |
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| Hypertonic solution tend cause cells to _____. |
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| Normal isotonic sodium chloride solution is ____%. |
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| Hydrostatic refers to the pressure of ____. |
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| Movement of molecules from low to high concentrations is _____. |
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| The ability of leukocytes to engulf bacteria is due to the process of ____. |
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| During mitosis, the number of chromosomes ____. |
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| The process that divides the cytoplasm in half is specifically termed ____. |
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| The process that results in daughter cells with half of the original chromosome number is ___. |
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| Cancer cells can disseminate to other areas by a process called____. |
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| What type of cell is a bacterium? |
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| the ____of a cell is the most critical factor in determining its function. |
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| The ___ of the cell directs its overall activites as well as houses it genetic material. |
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| Which feature is not a characteristic of a cell membrance: |
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Definition
| it can seal tiny breaks in itself |
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| Molecules that are soluble in ___ can pass through the fatty acid portion of a cell membrance unassisted. |
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| ____ provides both structural support and teh enzymes needed to make protiends from amino acids. |
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| The tubular transport system that moces molecules throughout the cell is the ____. |
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| _____ is the organelle that consists of microtubles and functions both in distributing chromosomes during cell division and in forming portions of cilia and flagella. |
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| Cells use up to 40% of their daily energy expenditure engaged in what important process? |
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| The ___ of the cell has a function directly realted to the synthesis of protiens. |
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| The ___ is a system of membranes to transport molecules within and out of cells. |
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| the organelle termed ___ produces the microtubles important in cell division. |
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| the term ___ can be sued to imply all of the chemical reactions within a cell. |
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| The cristae are structures found withing the ____ organelle. |
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| A flagellum is found only on which cell? |
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| Which of the following does not belong: diffusion, osmosis, active transport, passive transport. |
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Definition
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| The movement of particles from an area of higher to lower concentration is called____ |
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| cancer cells are more sensitive to drugs and radiation than normal cells. t/f |
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| There are many possible causes of cancer including viruses, radiation or exposure due to chemicals. t/f |
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Definition
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| Oncogenes are gene segments that normally act ti inhibit the formation of abnormal cancer cells. tf |
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| The cell membrance is the fixed outer layer of a cell that functions like a filter to provent certain molecules from escaping the cell. tf |
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Definition
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Term
| the phospholipid molecules of a membrane are arranged to have their phosphate ends facing the exterior surface. tf |
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Definition
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| CHolesteral is a lipid that tends to make cell membranes more rigid with it than without it.tf |
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Definition
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Term
| Smooth ER has a significant function in protien synthesis. tf |
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Definition
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| Selectivly permeable membranes allow protiens to pass through. tf |
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Definition
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| Lysosomes degrade bacteria and worn cells and can cause disease by destroying normal tissues.tf |
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Definition
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| Peroxisomes can play a role in the detox of alcohol. tf |
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Definition
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| the centrioles are microtubles that play a significant role in ATP and energy production. tf |
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Definition
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| The nucleolus function mainly in the synthesis of DNA. tf |
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Definition
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| Chromatin is the term used for teh loosely coiled appearence of DNA in a non dividing cell. tf |
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Definition
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| in the process f apoptosis, cells shrink and die but the basic structure of the organelle remains constant. tf |
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Definition
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| DNA has chemicals that direct metabolic processes as well as reproduction. tf |
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| In general the rate of diffusion of a molecule is faster in areas of higher temperature. tf |
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Definition
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| The sugar added to a water solution is termed the solvent. tf |
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Definition
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| Osmosis is the movement of water and can occur through any type of permeable membrane. tf |
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Definition
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| It is possible for an intravenous solution that is labeled isotonic to be hypotonic to a patient. tf |
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Definition
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| In active transport, energy is consumed by the cell membrane in the form of ATP. tf |
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Definition
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| Endocytosis is a passive trasnport process. tf |
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Definition
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| The lysosomes within a cell contain hyfrolytic enzymes capable of digesting particles within the cell. tf |
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Definition
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Term
| Robosomes are comprised of RNA that has been systhesized directly by the nucleoulus. tf |
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Definition
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| Vesicles differ from vacuoules in that vesicles are usually produced for the purpose of causing something to leave the cell. tf |
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Definition
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Term
| the golgi app. plays a direct role in producing the complete cell membrane. tf |
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Definition
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| Cells have the capability of synthesizing water during metabolism. tf |
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Definition
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| Membranes are called selectivly permeable becasue they allow most substances to enter the cell. tf |
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Definition
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| The selctive permeability of a cell membrance fucntions under active transport mechanisms. tf |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the first to propose that cell membranes are a phospholipid bilayer? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who proposed that membranes are a phospholipid bilayer btwn two layers of hydrophilic protiens? |
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Definition
| H. Davson and J. Danielli |
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Term
| Who proposed the membrane is a mosaic of proteins and molecules bobbing in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids? |
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Definition
| S. Signer and G. Nicolson |
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Term
| What molecules are the major components of a cell membrane? |
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Definition
| phospholipids and proteins. |
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Term
| What increases membrane fluidity? |
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Definition
| A greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipds |
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Term
| According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly... |
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Definition
| embedded in a lipid bilayer |
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Term
| Ios diffuse across membranes down their... |
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Definition
| chemical and concentration gradients |
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Term
| the movement of potassium into an animal cell requires |
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Definition
| low concentrations of sodium |
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Term
| The sodium, potassium pump is called an electrogenic pump because it... |
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Definition
| contributes to the membrane potential |
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Term
| What is the voltage across a membrane called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the membrane structures that function in active trasport? |
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Definition
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Term
| What membrane activity requires energy from ATP hydrolysis? |
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Definition
| Na+ ions moving out of the cell |
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Term
| When a plant cell is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likley to occur? |
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Definition
| the cell will become turgid |
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Term
| If a young male child has cycstic fibrosis, what would affect his fertility? |
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Definition
| incorrect concentrations of ions in semen |
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Term
| Chloride ion channels are membrane structures tht include... |
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Definition
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Term
| Water passed quickly through the cell membranes b/c... |
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Definition
| It moves through aquaporins in the membrane |
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Term
| What is true of diffusion? |
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Definition
| IT is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. |
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Term
| Which of the follwoing would likely pass through a lipid bulayer of a plasma membrane most quickly: CO2, amino acid, Glucose, K+ or starch? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a characteristic feature of a carrier protien in a plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| it exibits a specificity for a particular type of molecules |
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Term
| What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are lipids and proteins free to move laterally in membranes? |
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Definition
| Hyrdrophilic portions of the lipids are in the interior of the membrane |
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Term
| What is true about the evolution of cell membranes? |
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Definition
| As populations of organisms evole, different properties of their cell membranes are selected for or against |
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Term
| What often serves as receptors or cell recognition molecules on a cells surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is attached to the extracellular matrix? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is not embeded in the lipid bilayer at all? |
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Definition
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Term
| What spans the phospholipids bilayer, usually a number of times? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most important for the glycoproteins and glycolipids of animal cell membranes? |
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Definition
| The cells ability to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another |
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Term
| What is true about intergral proteins? |
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Definition
| They are usually transmembrane proteins |
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Term
| In order for a protien to be an intergral membrane protin it would have to be.... |
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Definition
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Term
| When a membrane is freeze fractured, the bilayer splits down the middle btwn the 2 layers of phospholipids. In an electron micrgraph of the membrane, the bumps seen on the fractured surface of the membrance are... |
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Definition
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Term
| The presence of cholecterol in the plasma membrance of some animals... |
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Definition
| enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops |
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