fluid part of the blood

straw-colored liquid consisting of H20 &
dissolved solutes

type of plasma protein

60-80% of plasma proteins in blood

Creates colloid osmotic pressure that draws H20 from interstitial fluid
into capillaries to maintain blood volume & pressure

plasma protein

carries lipids

plasma protein

clotting factor in blood

made from fibrinogen

Platelet plug becomes infiltrated by meshwork of fibrin

RBC

Lack nuclei & mitochondria
Each RBC contains ~280
million hemoglobin molecules

precursor to RBC

still contain nucleus

WBC

Have nucleus, mitochondria, & amoeboid ability
Can squeeze through capillary walls (diapedesis
also known as extravasation)

released into blood stream during platelet release reaction

stimulate vasoconstriction, reducing blood flow to wound
ADP & thromboxane A2 cause other platelets to become sticky & attach & undergo platelet release reaction

prevents clotting

ex. sodium citrate and EDTA

platelets and white blood cells

<1% of blood

hormone from kidney

stimulates red blood cell formation

(a protease) which initiates a series of clotting factors

causes activation of kallikrein

Ca+2 chelator

prevents clotting

Ca+2 chelator

clumping together of RBC by anti-agents in blood

only happens when two different blood types are mixed

Type O is “universal donor” because lacks A & B antigens
Recipient’s antibodies won’t agglutinate donor’s Type O RBCs

another antigen found on RBC

Rh+ has Rho(D) antigens; Rh- does not

transport cholesterol and lipids from intestine (dietary) to liver and tissues via blood

ex. LDL, HDL

transport excess cholesterol from tissues and delivers it to liver

HDL = Healthy, excess cholesterol from tissues is “properly” disposed of or stored in the liver for future use

tissue plasminogen activator

TPA can be given to patients to activate plasmin

part of sympathetic nervous system

goes from the spinal cord to the sympathetic chain ganglion

part of sympathetic nervous system

go from sympathetic chain ganglion to major organs

released from adrenal medulla

released into blood into response to preganglionic stimulation

released during mass activation

located next to or inside the target organ

synapse on postganglionic neuron

types of receptors

contraction/relaxation/contraction/relaxation

non-selective agonist for beta receptors

treats heart failure

beta 2 agonist

used for asthma

antagonist for specific beta 1 receptors

used to treat angina pectoralis

depolarize at 100 bpm

start the heart beat of the heart

depolarizes at 60 bpm

node for the ventricles

delay the signal for .1 sec

Na⁺ voltage gated channels open when hyperpolarized

causes spontaneous depolarization

blood pumped per beat by ventricles

avg. 65-70 mL

volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole

determined by:

end diastolic volume

total peripheral resistance

contractility

return of blood to heart via veins

dependent on:

blood volume and venous pressure

vasocontraction

skeletal muscle pump

pressure drop during inhalation

main sources:

vessel diameter

blood viscosity

total vessel length

describes factors affecting blood flow

Q=change in pressure(r⁴)(x)/nL(8)

endothelial cells are tightly held together

only permit exchange of small molecules

found in: muscle, lungs, adipose

have wide pores in endothelial cells

found in: kidneys, endocrine cells

have large gaps in endothelium

found in: liver, spleen, bone marrow