The environment where organisms

live and grow causes variation.

The combining of genes from

two parents causes genetic

variation.

Genetic material found in the

nucleus of most cells in the

human body.

A short legnth of chromosome,

but quite a long legnth of DNA.

Different versions of the same

gene that give different

characteristics.

Either an egg or sperm cell -

contains only set of 23

chromosomes.

Two parents, two different gamets

fertilise to produce offspring

that have genetic variations.

One parent, a cell splits its

chromosomes into two to

produce genetically identical offspring.

Cuttings from a plant with a

new bud on, then planted to

produce genetically identical

clones.

A few plant cells are put into

a growth medium with hormones,

and they grow into new plants.

Sperm and egg cells are taken,

artifically fertilised, then split

serveral times to avoid becoming

specialised, then they're placed

back inside a womb to grow.

Fewer alleles in a population.

If a poulation are all closely related,

a disease could wipe them all out.

Working genes are implated

into a sufferer of faulty genes

(cycstic fibrosis).

How all living things interact

with each other. 

Species that have adapted to

have useful genes are more

likely to reproduce, and thus evolve.

Large surface area to volume,

concentrated urine, thin fat,

thin body coats, little sweat,

sandy colour.

Small surface area compared

to volume, compact (rounded)

shape, thick hairy coats, greasy

fur, white fur, blubber.

Small surface area compared

to volume, no leaves, water

storage tissues, shallow extensive

roots or deep roots.

Thorns (like roses), poisons

(like bees), warning colours

(like wasps).

An organism adapted to live in

extrem environments - such

as volcanic vents, satly lakes or

high pressure on the sea bed.