Term
|
Definition
-nutrients
-gas exchange
-removal of waste |
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Term
| An internal transport system assists diffusion by moving materials between |
|
Definition
-surfaces of the body
-internal tissues |
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Term
| Gastrovascular cavity in cnidarians & flatworms serves |
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Definition
-digestion
-distribution of substances |
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Term
| Open circulatory systems: |
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Definition
-Arthropods & many molluscs
-open pumps blood through open-ended vessels
-cells directly bathed in blood |
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|
Term
| Closed circulatory system: |
|
Definition
-vertebrates
-blood stays in vessels
-heart pumps blood through arteries to capillaries
-veins return to heart |
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Term
|
Definition
-fish
-pumps blood in single circuit,
from gill capillaries to systemic capillaries back to heart |
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Term
|
Definition
-Amphibians, turtles, snakes, lizards
-2 atria
-1 divided ventricle |
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Term
|
Definition
-Crocodilians, birds, mammals
-2 atria & 2 ventricles
-right side pumps from body to lungs
-left side pumps from lungs to body
-higher blood pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
-2 thin walled atria that pumps blood to ventricles
-2 thick wall ventricles that pump blood to lungs and other body regions |
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Term
| During Diastole, blood flows |
|
Definition
| from veins into heart chambers |
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|
Term
| During Systole, blood flows |
|
Definition
| from atria into ventricles |
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Term
|
Definition
| amount of blood per minute pumped through system |
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Term
|
Definition
| number of beats per minute |
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Term
|
Definition
| prevent backflow of blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| a defect in one or more heart valves |
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Term
|
Definition
-sets rate of heart contractions
-generates electrical signals in atria |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| -relays these signals to the ventricles |
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Term
|
Definition
| records electrical changes in heart |
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|
Term
| Abnormal rhythms may result in a ... |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| damage to cardiac muscle, typically from blocked coronary artery |
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Term
|
Definition
| death of brain tissue from blocked arteries in the head |
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Term
|
Definition
-plaque inside inner walls of blood vessels
-plaque narrows blood vessels
-blood flow is reduced |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-thin walls, single layer of epithelial cells
-narrow- blood cells flow single file
-increase surface area for gas & fluid exchange |
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Term
|
Definition
-lined by single layer of epithelial cells
-smooth muscle in walls can reduce blood flow
-elastic fibers permit recoil after stretching
-veins have a 1-way valves that restrict backward flow |
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Term
|
Definition
-the force of blood exerted on vessel walls
-depends on cardiac output & resistance of vessels
-decreases as blood moves away from heart |
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|
Term
| Blood pressure is highest in____ and lowest in _____ |
|
Definition
-highest in arteries
-lowest in veins |
|
|
Term
| Blood pressure is measured as: |
|
Definition
-Systolic pressure-ventricular contraction
-Diastolic pressure-low pressure between contractions |
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|
Term
|
Definition
serious cardiovascular problem
-consistent pressures above either
140 systolic
90 diastolic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-heart to work harder, weakening it
-increased plaque formation from tiny ruptures
-increased risk of blood clot formation |
|
|
Term
| Hypertension can ultimately cause |
|
Definition
-heart attacks
-strokes
-kidney failure |
|
|
Term
| Blood flow through capillaries is restricted by |
|
Definition
| smooth muscle sphincters...5-10% are open at one time |
|
|
Term
| Capillaries allow transfer of substances... |
|
Definition
| through very thin walls, between blood and interstitial fluids |
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Term
| Blood pressure forces fluid out of capillaries... |
|
Definition
| at the arterial end, osmotic pressure draws in fluid in venous end. |
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Term
|
Definition
| red & white blood cells suspended in plasma |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
-various organic ions
-proteins, nutrients
-wastes, gases
-hormones |
|
|
Term
| Red blood cells (erythrocytes) transport |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| White blood cells (leukocytes) ... |
|
Definition
| function inside & out of circulatory system, fighting infections and cancer |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormally low amounts of hemoglobin or red blood cells and causes fatigue due to lack on oxygen in tissues |
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|
Term
| Hormone erythropoietin (EPO) does what? |
|
Definition
| regulates red blood production |
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Term
| When a blood vessel is damaged... |
|
Definition
| -platelets trigger conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, forming clot that plugs leak. |
|
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Term
| The blood clotting process... |
|
Definition
-platelets adhere to exposed tissue
-platelets form a plug
-fibrin clot traps blood cells |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does bone marrow do? |
|
Definition
-produce all types of blood cells
-used to treat some blood disorders |
|
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Term
|
Definition
cancer of white blood cells
-resulting in extra leukocytes that do not function
-usually fatal unless treated |
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|
