Term
| Isolation of a plasmid from a bacterium |
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Definition
occurs first in the production of a recombinant plasmid
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Term
| You can use PCR to increase the amount of DNA available for restriction fragment analysis. |
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Definition
| When linking an individual to a crime with only one tiny drop of blood as evidence, how can use this drop of blood to make the association? |
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Term
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Definition
| To find the necleotide sequence of human chromosomes, they had to be digested into small fragments then_____. |
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Term
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Definition
| binds with a DNA fragment with a stickly end that reads -AATCG |
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Term
| The same restriction enzyme is used to isolate the gene of interest and to cut the plasmid DNA. |
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Definition
step that occurs earliest in the process of producing recombianant DNA
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Term
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Definition
| the percentage of the human genome consists of noncoding DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of full protein sets that genomes encode |
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Term
Genetically Modified Organism
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Definition
| an organism carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means |
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Term
| Humans & Chimps share a relatively recent common ancestor. |
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Definition
| Statement that can be logically inferred from the amount of DNA shared by humans and chimps. |
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Term
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Definition
| "sticky ends" are produced as a result of the action of___ |
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Term
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Definition
| single-stranded ends of fragments of double-stranded DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of cloned recombianant plasmids that includes fragments from the entire genome of a cell |
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Definition
| an animal containing a gene from another species |
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Term
| whole-genome shotgun approach |
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Definition
| technique most commonly used to sequence entire genomes |
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Term
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Definition
| number of chromosomes that an individual with Turner syndrome has |
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Term
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Definition
| crossing over during prophase I results in this |
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Term
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Definition
| sex chromosomes belonging to a normal human male |
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Term
| homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles |
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Definition
| Best description of events in anaphase I |
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Term
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Definition
| the evetns of prophase are reversed |
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Term
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Definition
| how many chromosomes can a gamete possess as a result of nondisjunction? |
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Term
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Definition
| homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| results in the production of two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA is found in these structures |
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Term
| The mitotic spindle begins to form |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cytokinesis typically occurs during the ____ stage of mitosis |
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Term
| one difference between mitosis and meiosis |
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Definition
| mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not |
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Term
| Anaphase II is essentially the same as mitotic anphase except that in anaphase II_____ and in mitoric anaphase _____. |
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Definition
the cells are haploid and sister chromatids separate...
the cells are diploid and sister chromatids separate |
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Term
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Definition
| number of autosomes humans have |
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Term
| mutation of homeotic genes |
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Definition
| most likely to cause the development of a six-legged frog |
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Term
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Definition
| responsble for more cancers than any other carcinogen |
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Term
| the cells exhibit different patterns of gene expression |
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Definition
| how is it that cells in different body tissues are able to perform different functions? |
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Term
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Definition
| many proto-oncogenes regulate_____ |
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Term
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Definition
| data suggest that the normal version of BRCA1 functions as a ________. |
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Term
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Definition
| More people die of this cancer than any other. |
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Term
| attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter |
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Definition
| plays a role in the regulation of transcription in both prokaryotic an deukaryotic cells |
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Term
embryonic stems cells are undifferentiated; adult stem cells are partially differentiated
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Definition
| difference between embryonic and adult stem cells? |
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Term
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Definition
| acts as an on/off switch in an operon |
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Term
| came from a normal human female |
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Definition
| human cell that functions normally, has 45 functional chromosomes and one chromossome that is almost completely inactive |
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Term
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Definition
| name given to a gene that causes cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| production o fa single RNA transcrip for a group of related genes in under the control of this |
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Term
| predisposition to these cancers is inherited |
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Definition
| inhertance of certain genes increases the risk of getting certain cancers so it can be said that___ |
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Term
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Definition
| study of the evolutionary relationships of organisms, past and present |
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Term
| explosive diversification |
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Definition
| period of mass extinction is often followed by this |
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Term
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Definition
| Rana pipiens and Rans sylvatica frogs mate and the ofspring die early in embryonic development |
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Term
example of paedomorphosis
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Definition
| the ability to reproduce evolving in caterpillars |
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Term
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Definition
| When dinosaurs (aside from the lineage that produced birds) were extinct by the end of this era |
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Term
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Definition
| fossil species is distringuished mainly by |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
basis on which populations are assigned to the same biological species
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Definition
| being able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| most inclusive taxonomic level |
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Term
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Definition
| the wing of a bald eagle is ____ to the wing of a penguin. this means that even though both are wings, they do not serve the same purpose on the birds. |
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Term
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Definition
| sympatric speciation specific excludes this |
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Term
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Definition
| you notice that through time a series of fossils exhibits very little change, this fossil lineage can be described as exhibiting______. |
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Term
| bacteria that only reproduce assexually |
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Definition
| biological specials concept cannot be applied to this |
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Term
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Definition
| pattern of evolution in which most change in appearance takes place during a realtively short period of time fits the ______ model of speciation. |
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Term
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Definition
| region of DNA where RNA synthesis begins |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest number of necleotides that must be added or subtracted to change the triplet grouping of the genetic message |
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Term
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Definition
| each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand |
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Term
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Definition
| manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA contains the nitrogenous base ____ instead of ____ which is only found in DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| number of nucleotides that make up a codon |
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Term
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Definition
| discovered the structure of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| made up of two polynucleotide strands |
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Term
| mutation within a gene that will insert a premature stop codon in mRNA would |
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Definition
| result in a shortened polypetide chain |
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Term
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Definition
| viruses that infect bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| where translation is accomplished |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA that is translated into a polypeptide |
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Term
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Definition
| HIV must use it's own_____ to reproduce. |
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Term
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Definition
| Expected phenotypic ratio of a cross between an RrYy and an rryy individual |
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Term
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Definition
| the inheritance of Marfan syndrome is an example of this |
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Term
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Definition
| genes violate Mendel's principle of independt assortment |
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Term
| true-breeding plant is one that |
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Definition
| self-fertilizes to produce offspring identical to the parent |
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Term
| Key to recognition of incomplete dominance |
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Definition
| the phenotype of the heterozygote falls between the phenotypes of the homozygotes |
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Term
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Definition
| Probability of a couple who has two femal children that their next child will be male |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual that is heterozygous for cystic fibrosis |
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Term
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Definition
| the behavior of chromosomes during metaphase I and anaphase I of meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| the allele for purple flowers produced when mendel crossed true-breeding purple-flowered plants with true-breeding white flowered plants and all offspring produced purple flowers. |
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Term
| He can't (unless there is a mutation.) |
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Definition
| How can a man with normal color vision father a daughter who is red-green color-blind? |
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Term
| Key to the recognition o fcodominance |
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Definition
| the heterozygote expresses the phenotype of both homozygotes |
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Term
| The trait varies along a coninuum in the population |
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Definition
| key to the recognition of a trait whose expression is determine dby the effects of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance) |
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Term
| An example of disruptive selection |
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Definition
| Garter snakes with different coloration pattersn behave differently when threatened. |
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Term
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Definition
| Darwinian fitness measures this |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| hardy-Weinberg formula; p2 represents |
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Definition
| frequency of homozygous dominants |
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Term
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Definition
| component of the fossil record |
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Term
| example of sexual selection |
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Definition
| Peahens choose to mate with peacocks that have the most beautiful tails. |
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Term
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Definition
| frequency of one allele in a population is 0.7, so the frequence of the alternate allele is _____ |
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Term
| Most likely to apply to a populatoin that survives a bottleneck and recovers to a point where it consists of as many individuals as it did prior to the bottleneck. |
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Definition
| the post bottlenect population exhibits less genetic variation than the prebottleneck population. |
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Term
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Definition
| natural selection works on a variation already present in a population |
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Term
| Genetic drift is the result of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Percentage of individuals in a population that are homozygous dominant for freckles if four percent of the individuals lack freckles and you use the Hardy-Weinberg formula to calculate |
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Term
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Definition
| the termites infesting your house |
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Term
| While on Beagle, Darwin was influence dby a book by Charles Lyell that suggested that Earth was _____ and sculpted by geologic processes that ____ today. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Increase in antibiotic reseistant strains of bacteria |
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Definition
| example of directional selection |
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Term
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Definition
| Percentage of probability of having a child with attached earlobes when and individual mates with an indivdual heterozygous for free earlobes |
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Term
| key to the recognition of incomplete dominance |
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Definition
| the phenotype of the heterozygote falls between the phenotypes of the homozygotes |
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Term
| Probability of a three-nostrilled man's grandson having three nostrils |
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Definition
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Term
| influenced by both genes and the environment |
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Definition
| many human traits, such as performance on intelligence tests or our susceptibility to heart disease are ___ |
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Term
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Definition
| alternate versions of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| violate Mendel's principle of independent assortment |
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Term
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Definition
| The recombination frequency between gene B and gene C is 11%. the recombination frequencey between gene B and gene D is 5%. the recombination frequency between gene C and gene D is 15%. What would be the arrangement of these genes on a linkage map? |
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Term
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Definition
| mating between a true-breedin purple flowered pea plant and a true-breeding white flowered pea plant would produce this |
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Term
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Definition
| the behavior of chromosomes during metaphase I and anaphase I of meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| If an individual with wavy hair mates with and individual with straign hair, what is the probability that their child will have curly hair? |
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Term
| gametes have one copy of each allele |
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Definition
| according to mendel's law of segregation |
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Term
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Definition
| the human genome contains approximately this many genes. |
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Term
| Cutting DNA with a particular restriction enzyme producse DNA framents tha can be separated by |
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Definition
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Term
| desired gene is inserted into the plamis nad the plasmid is taken up the bacterium |
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Definition
| when plasmids are use dto produce a desired protein |
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Term
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Definition
| a DNA sample is treated with this to make restriction fragments |
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Term
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Definition
| the world's first genetically engineered pharaceutical product |
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Term
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Definition
| used to bind DNA fragments together |
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Term
| Genetically modified organism |
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Definition
| an organism carrying a gene that was acquried by artificial means |
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Term
whole-genome shotgun approach
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Definition
| technique most commonly used to sequence entire genomes |
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Term
|
Definition
| chromosmomes had to be digested into small fragments and then _____ |
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Term
| same restricitn enzyme is used to isolate the gene of interest and to cut the plasmid DNA |
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Definition
| occurs earlies in the proces of producing recombianant DNA |
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Term
| using DNA ligase to join DNA fragments |
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Definition
| last step in the production of a recobianant DNA plasmid |
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Term
| isolation of a plasmid from a bacterium |
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Definition
| occurs first in the production of a recomibinant plasmid |
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Term
| Correct order of the stages of translation |
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Definition
| initiation, codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation, termination |
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Term
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Definition
| name given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme responsible for RNA synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| ultimate source of all diversity |
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Term
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Definition
| is made up of two polynucleotide strands |
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Term
| the absence of a terminator in transcription will result in |
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Definition
| the production of a longer RNA molecule |
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Term
| How can bacteriophage DNA be spread from cell to cell without causing cell death? |
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Definition
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Term
| A mutation within a gene that will insert a premature stop codon in mRNA would result in a |
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Definition
| shortened polypeptide chain |
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Term
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Definition
| number of nucleotides that make up a codon |
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Term
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Definition
| exptessed (coding)regions of eukaryotic genes |
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Term
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Definition
| repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| How old is the age of a rock sample if it is determeined to have one quarter of the uranium 235 content it had when it formed? |
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Term
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Definition
| a reproductive barrier that prevents species from mating is an example of _____. |
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Term
| Glycolysis-Citric Acid Cycle-ETC |
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Definition
| Stages of cellular respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| iodine turns dark blue in the presence of this |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| all have a radius an dulna similar to the common ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The primary photysynthetic pigment is cartoene |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| step in the scientific method that follows experiments and observations |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of molecules from an area o fhigher concentration to one of lower concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| both cellular respiration and fermentation begin with this molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| correct order for cell cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| only plants are capable of cellular respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| complementary base pair rules say that C pairs with |
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Term
| The Rf for carotene can be determined by dividing the distance the yellow orange pigment (cartene) migrated by the distance the solvent front migrated. |
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Definition
| Considering the chromotograme you completed in the lab bench exercise, the following is true |
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Term
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Definition
| tenative explanation of observed phenomena |
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Term
| Both cellular respiration and fermentation provide what molecule for the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| The potassium hydroxide is used to remove ____ as it is given off. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| DNA is in the form of chromatin during this stage of the cell cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| During this stage of mitosis, the nuclear envelope disappears and the DNA condenses into chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| duplicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell during this stage |
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Term
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Definition
| sister chromatids pull apart during this stage |
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