Term
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Definition
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Term
| What should we look for to see if a molecule will attract another molecule? |
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Definition
- shape
- charge (+ go for -)
- hydrophobicity (hydrophobic goes for hydrophobic, hydrophilic goes for hydrophilic)
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Term
| Is hydrophobic postively charged or negatively charged? |
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Definition
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Term
| If given a molecule, would a molecule with a negative charge bind with a hydrophobic? |
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Definition
No, It would repulse each other
hydrophobic=negative
negative go against negative |
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Term
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Definition
| Yes, an example would be if a substrate were bonding to an enzyme |
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Term
| Do shapes always have to fill the holes and have to match in order to fit another shape? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| polymer (or other large molecules) formed form combinations of sinple repeating units |
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Term
| Why do macromolecules have a great diversity? |
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Definition
| there are a variety of combination |
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Term
| What are the multiple roles that macromolecules perform? |
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Definition
Functional
Structural
Energy Storage
Informaiton Storage |
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Term
| What is a dehydration reaction? |
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Definition
Synthesizing a polymer, links/forms chains of macromolecules
removes a water molecule(H2O), forming a new bond |
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Term
| How do monomers link together? |
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Definition
| They remove water to form a new bond |
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Term
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Definition
| breaking down a polymer, adding a water molecule to break a bond |
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Term
| What are the four major classes of macromolecules? |
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Definition
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids |
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Term
| What is the four major classes of macromolecules critical info? |
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Definition
Chem composition
names of monomers and polymers
types of linking bonds
cellular roles |
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Term
| What are Carbohydrates comprised of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Carbohydrate monomer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two the Carbohydrate polymers? |
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Definition
Disaccharide- two monomers
Polysaccharide- more than two monomers |
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Term
| Where do most monosaccharides exist? |
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Definition
| in an equilibrium between linear and ring isomeric form |
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Term
| What form are most monosaccharides in aqueous solutions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 distinguishing characteristics in monosaccharides? |
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Definition
- number of carbons in a linear ring
- number of carbons in ring
- arrangement of side chains (both linear and circular)
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Term
| What are disaccharides and polsaccharides joined by? |
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Definition
| dyhydration reaction, creating a glycosidic linkage |
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Term
| What binds monosaccharides ( Disaccharides and Polysaccharides)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do polysaccharids exist? |
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Definition
| in many forms in differnt organisms, playing a range of roles |
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Term
| Do polysaccharides have complex branching structures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of structural carboydrates in animals |
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Definition
Chitin
makes the exoskeleton of bugs |
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Term
| What functions do polysaccharides play? |
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Definition
| energy storage(glycogen=animal storage in animals) or structural role (cellulose) |
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Term
| When forming a polysaccharide, does it have to consist the same monosaccharide? |
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Definition
| It can, but it doesn't have to. Carbohydrates can be made up of the same monomer unit, or different monomers strung together. |
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Term
| What can polysaccharides be attached to? |
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Definition
| proteins, lipids, or other macromolecules |
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Term
| What is a protein made out of? |
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Definition
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
a little Sulfer |
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Term
| What is a peptidoglycan, and where are they seen? |
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Definition
protein-carbohydrate structure
seen in bacteria |
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Term
| What is the monomer for a protein called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the polymer of a protein called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of a protein? |
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Definition
| There are "Many (many, many) different functions" |
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Term
| What are 8 examples on what proteins do? |
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Definition
Enzymatic
Defensive
Storage
Transport
Hormonal
Receptor
Structural
Contractile and motor |
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Term
| Describe the structure of an amino acid? |
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Definition
Carbon in the middle surronded by
Amino group
Carboxyl
Side chain (R) |
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Term
| What are the 4 characteristics that amino acid side chains are grouped on? |
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Definition
nonpolar = hydrophobic
polar = hydrophilic
Acidic = electrically charged side chains, hydrophilic (negative)
Basic = Electrically charged side chains, hydrophillic (positive)
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