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| Biosphere (earth), Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism, Organ System, Organ, Tissue, Cell, Organelle, Molecule, Atom |
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| Ultimate source of Energy on our planet |
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1. All living things made up of cells
2. Cells come from other cells
3. Cell is the basic unit of life |
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1. Eucaryota
2. Bacteria (Prokaryotes)
3. Archaea (Prokaryotes)
(2 and 3 make up kingdom "MONERA") |
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Most common ELEMENTS in living organisms
TOP 99.9% (TOP 96%) |
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| Goiter is caused by _______ deficiency |
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| Chemical union of 2 or more elements bonded together in a fixed ratio |
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| The mass of a given atom expressed in atomic mass units, amu. Approximately equal to # protons + # neutrons. For Example: Carbon = 12.001 amu |
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| The number of Protons in an atom. For Example: Carbon's atomic # is 6 because it has 6 protons |
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| Atoms with same # of protons but different # of neutrons (so they'll have different atomic mass units but the same atomic number) For Example: Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 are ISOTOPES |
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| A measure of how acidic (low #) or basic (higher #) a solution is where 7 is neutral |
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| Rain w/ high concentrations SULFUR DIOXIDE and NITROGEN OXIDE put into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels like oil or coal |
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| 2 or more substances w/ same chemical formula but they differ in arrangement of molecules so they will have different properties |
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| Building blocks of proteins. There are 20 basic building blocks and each has an amine, a carboxyl group and a central C with an R group attached. (Named according to their R group) |
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| A special protein that lowers the Energy of Activation for a reaction- so it makes the reaction happen faster (catalyzes the reaction) |
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| Carbohydrate w/ the basic formula (C6 H2 O5)n that is made up of monosaccharides. For Example: Insulin, Starch and Cellulose |
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| Material that makes up exoskeletons of crustaceans (arthropods in general) and the cell wall of certain fungi |
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| Any of numerous invertebrate animals of the phylum Arthropoda, including the insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and myriapods, that are characterized by a chitinous exoskeleton and a segmented body to which jointed appendages are articulated in pairs. |
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| Large protein made up of many peptide bonds (joining of AA's) |
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| What Denatures a Protein? |
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Definition
High Heat
pH changes
Salt Levels
Radioactivity |
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| DNA is made of what 3 things? |
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Definition
1. Nucleotide Base (A, T, C or G)
2. DeOxyribose (Sugar)
3. Phosphate Group (PO4-) |
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| RNA is made of what 3 things? |
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Definition
1. Nucleotide Base (A, U, C or G)
2. Ribose (Sugar)
3. Phosphate Group (PO4)2- |
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| Form the poles of the spindle fibers during cell division |
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| Protein synthesis- they're found on the RoughER as well as floating freely. There are ribosomes in the nucleolus. |
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Definition
Includes the nuclear envelope, the ER, Golgi Apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles and the plasma membrane.
Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts. |
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| Mitochondria Structure and Function |
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Definition
ATP producing organelle composed of:
Inner and Outer Membranes
Intermembrane space
Matrix
Crista (folds of the inner membrane)
Electron Transport Chain (or Chemiosmosis or Oxidative Phosphorylation) takes place across the double membrane and ATP is produced here. |
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| Organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place. |
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| Membrane bound compartments found in chloroplasts where the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place. Stack of Thylakoids is called a grannum (plural granna) |
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| start codon to start making any protein is |
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| mRNA sequence:AUG (codes for methonine) |
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| start codon that has been translated to tRNA |
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| there are ___ stop codons |
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| when you say "stop codon" or "start codon" you are ALWAYS talking about the _______ |
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| Anticodons are located on ______ |
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| the anticodon pretty much matches (with the substitution of U's for the T's) the _____ |
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