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| a particular environment where living things interact with other living things and non-living things |
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| a group of organisms with certain characteristics that are sexaully isolated |
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| referring to the number of a species in a particular environment |
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| the role of an organism in its environment; habitat and habits |
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| major category in classification of living things; more general than a class but more specific than a kingdom |
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| category in classification of living things; more general than order, more specific than phylum |
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| category in classification of living; more general than family, more specific than class |
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| The circulation of organisms globally; where there are the most species, most diverse, etc. |
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main classification category in Classification of Living Things;
(1) Animalia (2) Plantae (3) Fungi (4)Protista; single-celled organisms (5)Monera; bacteria |
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Where one organism benefits and other is harmed
ex. mosquito (parasite) human (host) |
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where one participating organism benefits and other does not, but no harm is done to the non-benefitting organism.
ex. bird building nest in tree |
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| an association between members of different species [sym: together, biosis: life] |
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| how different species interact and depend on each other to live |
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| When two or more species need the same resource; limits the size of the populations of competing species |
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| when populations of different species live in the same area, forming community |
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| differences between organisms with in a species ex. humans are the same species but no human looks the same |
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| when two species rely on eachother equally; they both benefits |
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| type of symbiosis where one species benefits and the other is neutral |
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| type of symbiosis where one benefits and the other is harmed |
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| where certain traits of nature (ex. height) are selected and passed on more than other traits; make for the most self-sufficient species |
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| differences in characteristics between and among species |
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a number representing the overall diveristy of a specific area
Calculated; # of Runs/ # of Specimens |
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differences in and between species
Bio: living
Diversity: range of difference |
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| DNA [chemical definition] |
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in chromosomes
contain genes
is the molecule contianing all information for body development and characteristics |
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| How many chromosomes does each cell contain? |
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23 pairs, 46 total
EXEPT Germ cells, containing on 23 total |
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| Blueprint for characteristics; biodiversity happens because of different characteristics in genes |
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| hold DNA and are in cells (23 pairs) |
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| A,T,C,G; make up "rungs" on DNA |
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chemicals that make up DNA
A - Adenine
T - Thymine
C - Cytosine
G - Guanine |
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| the number, size, and shape of chromosomes arranged in a standard manner |
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| underlying gene structure |
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how the genotype is expressed in real life; what the person looks like
ex. if the genotype is Bb the phenotype looks like it could be BB or Bb |
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| When both genes are either dominant (2 dominant genes) or recessive (2 recessive genes) |
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| A pair of genes where one is recessive and the other dominant; the dominant one is expressed |
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| half of the chromosome (two tribomeres) |
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| the center point of a chromosome; where the tribomeres of a chromosome meet |
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| parts of the nucleus, containing genes, containing DNA, set out in pairs in the nucleus |
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| Semi-Conservative Replication |
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| The type of DNA replication that exists, where one strand/helix of the DNA is from the original DNA and one from the replication |
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differences in DNA over time; where messages are not translated correctly
Deletions
Substitutions
Insertions |
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| Different Types of DNA mutation |
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Definition
Germ Line Mutations
Somatic Mutations
De Novo Mutations
Neutral Mutations |
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| Another term for "sex cell" |
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Hereditary mutations; passed on through generations
ex. Hemophillia (blood disease) |
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| not hereditary; mutations to cells that are no passed down (somatic cells) |
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| Cells in body but reproductive cells |
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| New mutations not inherited from parents |
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| mutations that are not noticed and dont affect the fitness of an animal (majority of mutations) |
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Ultraviolet Radiation [sun]
Ionizing Radiation [electronics, xrays, etc.]
chemical radiations [pesticides, cleaning fluids]
Viruses |
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| different "arms" of a chromosome |
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means that the DNA [a double helix] has two outer pieces
these pieces are phosphate-sugar (ribose) backbone |
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| a single set of chromosomes (found in reproductive cells); only one chromatid |
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| how chromosomes usually are; with both chromatids together (one full chromosome) |
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| the sequence on DNA; A,T,G,C |
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| another term for germ/sex cell |
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| one cell human embryo; start of human life |
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when there is an extra chromosome to a pair of chromosomes (in a karyotype)
different trisomies can mean different malfunctions of human body [ex. trisomy 21 can signify risk of down syndrome] |
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the presence/absence of a characteristic in a species (there are only 2 options; one dominant, one recessive)
ex. (human) attached earlobes, non-attached earlobes |
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there are many options of variation; a range of forms
ex. hair colour, height, foot size, etc. |
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| organisms that share the same genetic information |
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| process of selecting and breeding individuals with desirable traits (done by humans and is strategic) |
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| sperm is harvested and fertilizes many females (in livestock) |
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| sperm and egg are put together in the labratory |
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| refers to any technology that directly alters the DNA of an organism |
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| the different "options" per trait, one dominant, one recessive, or incomplete dominance |
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| another term for cell division; creates somatic cells and diploid chromosomes |
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| the steps towards completing cell division |
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| the maintenance of populations of wild organisms in their fuctioning ecosystems |
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| Protected Areas (In-Situ) |
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| Parks (national, provincial, civic, etc.), wildlife "corridors" |
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| charities, volunteer groups, private landowners, not-for-profit organizations, that benefit restoration of species |
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| conservation of components of biodiversity outside of a natural habitat |
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| particular ways plants reproduce to ensure the survival of their offspring (ex. cross-pollination) |
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| Characteristics inherited from parents |
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| reproduction of an organism requiring only one parent |
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| Types of Asexual Reproduction |
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Binary Fission
Budding
Spore Production
Vegetative Reproduction |
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| involves the combination of two organisms DNA (2 individuals) |
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| where there is a recessive/dominant allele but when in heterozygous form it is a combination |
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| Combination of two dominant alleles, where together in a heterozygous form it is a combination of both |
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