Term
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Definition
| calc the age of the earth to be 4004bc. |
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Definition
| first identified A. Africanus in 1924 found taung child in a s Africa mine. |
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Definition
| "father of Anthropology" strongly against racist and discriminatory views such as eugenics. |
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Definition
| Student of boas. studies adolescence in samoan girls, found that tumultuous puberty was not a human universal. late informants may have mislead her. |
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Definition
| collected data on mate choice, hypothesis is if evolution has shaped mate choice we would expect to find common patterns across societies. |
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Definition
| dutch physician- started work in sumantra, excavation of limestone caves yielded no hominids, shifted to Java found early hominids in 1891 dating back to 700kya. |
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Definition
| believes humans are unconstrained by biology to create any social structure they like. |
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Definition
adoption in oceania confroms to kin selection theory. parents adopt close kin
analysis of stability for polyanderous, found families with more then one husband as unstable. |
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Term
| Describe the teeth of Insectivores? |
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Definition
| relatively long sharp incisors and canines. |
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Term
| Describe the teeth of folivores? |
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Definition
| sharp premolars and small incisors |
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Term
| Describe the teeth of frugivores? |
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Definition
| large incisors and small molars. |
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Term
| what is the arboreal hypothesis of primate origins? |
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Definition
| primates emerged to live in trees. importance of sight over smell. grasping hands and feet for moving through branches. |
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Term
| what is the visual predation hypothesis of primate origins? |
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Definition
| primates emerged as adaptation for hunting insects in bushy undergrowth. binocular vision for predator adaptation. hands and feet for grasping insects. |
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Term
| what is the mixed-diet hypothesis of primate origins? |
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Definition
| modern prosimians rely less on sight than later primates. primates emerged around the same time as angiosperms. earliest primates may have had mix diet of flowers , seeds, fruits, and insects. |
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Term
| who has a postorbital bar? |
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Definition
| bar in the side of the head to hold the eye in place, prosimians developed it. |
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Term
| what are the anthropoid adaptations? |
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Definition
| trend from nocturnal to dinural led to increase importance on sight over smell. eyes rotated more forward, fully enclosed eye socket, dry nose separate from upper lip, molar cusps, shorter snout. |
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Definition
| today its a desert but 36-31 mya it was a tropical forest, had anthropoids that lived in trees and ate fruits and seeds. |
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Term
| what are the Eurasian Miocene Apes? |
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Definition
| proconsul, afropithecus, they had large incisors, blade like canines, and long back teeth (y-5 molars) |
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Term
| What is the "missing Link"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Mosaic evolution? |
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Definition
| that evolutionary changes take place in stages not all at once. |
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Term
| what does the illia in hominins tell us? |
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Definition
| if we walked bipedal we would be off balance. we need abductor muscles to steady us out. |
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Term
| who has abductor muscles and what do they do? |
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Definition
| needed to balance the body out for bipedialism. |
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Term
| What does the knee joint tell us? |
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Definition
| it is a clue for bipedalism. |
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Term
| what are adaptive grades? |
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Definition
| the basic way that an animal makes a living. distantly related animals can belong to the same adaptive grade. |
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Term
| what was the paranthropus diet? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the evolutionary relationships among a group of species, usually diagrammed as a family tree. |
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Term
| how did early hominins behave? |
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Definition
| their subsistence strategy mirrors chimps, they hunted and used tools. they were bipedal but still foragum magnum not all the way forward yet, prob lived in sizable groups that shared food. multi male multi female groups with little male parental investment. sexual dimorphism. |
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Term
| what are Mode 1 tools? who used them and where are they found? |
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Definition
| flakes and hammer stones,they are olowan tools, many hominins species used them from 2.5 -1.7 mya, paranthropus used them, habilis, and ergaster and A. garhi |
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Term
| what is oldawan technology? |
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Definition
| mode one tools, flakes and hammer stones. from 2-1.5 mya small excavation sites littered with animal bones of various types |
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Term
| What is Taphonomic analysis? |
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Definition
| analysis of the bones to determine if they were accumulated naturally or because of butchering. |
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Term
| What was the Pleistocene Climate like? |
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Definition
| generally cooler, especially in the beginning, the end marks the interglacial period that's lasting until now. |
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Term
| What is an Occipital torus and what is it for? |
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Definition
| its in the back of the head of homo ergaster and is used for muscle connections. |
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Term
| Describe Mode 2 tools, what were they, who used them, and where are they found? |
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Definition
| later H.ergaster used mode 2 tools,used about 1.6-1.4myato 600kya called acheulian in Africa, include axes cleavers and picks, mode one continued to be used with them. used for butchering, digging, stripping, hunting, |
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Term
| Who has a brow ridge? when did it disappear? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| H. heidelbergensis used it for hunting. |
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Term
| What are Mode 3 tools? who used them and where can they be found? |
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Definition
| 300kya in Africa, levallois technique, and hafting. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ratio of the length of the shin bone to the length of the thigh bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| a stone tool industry characterized by points, side scrapers, and denticulates. lack of hand axes and are generally related neanderthals. |
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Term
| whats the difference between evolution and revolution? |
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Definition
revolution- between 250-50kya odern humans had changed bodies but their culture was primitive like neanderthals and around 50kya they transitioned to modern human behavior.
-evolution says modern human behavior gradually evolving in africa from 250kya. |
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Term
| What are Mode 4 tools? where are they found and who used them? |
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Definition
| blades are common. common during the upper paleolithic in Africa and Europe. homo sapians used them |
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Term
| what is characteristic of the upper paleolithic? |
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Definition
| characterized by shift to thin blades of mode 4 tech. evidence of trade up to 100 km away. used a wider variety of foods and fished. they had more complex clothes and domestication of dogs. |
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Term
| what is symbolic behavior? |
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Definition
| ability for one to understand their environment and create social reality. |
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Term
| whats the difference between replacement and regional continuity? |
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Definition
| regional continuity believes they were all the same thing and evolved into homo sapians. the replacement model belives h.sapians arose from africa and spread to replace neanderthals and h. erectus in asia. |
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Term
| whats the difference between out of Africa one and two? |
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Definition
| the difference between believing that H. heidelbergensis was a separate species then h.ergaster or not. |
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Term
| whats specific language impairment? |
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Definition
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Term
| whats the difference between intra-group variation and inter-group variation? |
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Definition
| intragroup variation is mutation natural selection and adaptive lag, where intergroup variation is natural selection genetic drift and migration. |
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Term
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Definition
| means non insulin dependent diabetes, it is prevelant in microneasian island of nautu but in the past the genes caused buildup of fat reserves to deal with famines but today they arnt needed but the gene remains. |
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Term
| what is Tay-sachs syndrome? |
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Definition
| A form of intragroup variation natural selection, a person is normal for a few months then rapid deterioration of body and death by age 4, the allele is prevalent in euro jew populations, but heterozygous may have resistance to tb. |
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Term
| whats the difference between cultural and genetic determinism? |
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Definition
| the diffrence between culture and genetics determining things about you. |
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Definition
| * the study of methods of improving genetic qualities by selective breeding (especially as applied to human mating) |
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Term
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Definition
| the past environments in which currently observed adaptations were shaped. |
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Term
| what are human universals? |
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Definition
| aspects of human culture that are invariable. |
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Term
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Definition
| increased chance of being homozygous for deleterious recessive traits. |
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Term
| what is westermarks effect? |
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Definition
| hypothesized that being raised together stifles sexual desire. |
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Term
| what is special about Israeli kibbitzum? |
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Definition
| israeli utopian societies from pre ww2 where unrelated children were raised together, of 2769 marriages, only 14 were between members of the same community. |
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Term
| Describe the significance of the Taiwanese "minor" marriage? |
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Definition
| young bride adopted into new family as infant. raised together with future husband, later these marriages led to unhappiness and a failure to produce offspring because couples were sexually disinterested. |
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Term
| what is universal grammar? |
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Definition
| being able to tell the difference between sentences because of grammar |
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Term
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Definition
| a term by richard dawkins to refer to a unit of cultural information transmitted by imitation and teaching. |
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Term
| whats the difference between a bridewealth vs. dowry? |
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Definition
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Definition
| pastoralists from africa who have a higher bridewealth for women who reach menarche early. and higher for women who are considered plump for their age. |
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| whats significant about Nyinba Marriage? |
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Definition
| polyanderous they have multi male single female families, amoung brothers. |
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Definition
| reptiles with pre-mammalian characteristics. |
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Definition
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Definition
| was a prosimian in the Eocene in N.America and Europe and Asia 54-38mya. |
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Term
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Definition
| was a prosimian that lived in the eocene in everywhere 54-38mya. he was arboreal, and had lemur traits. |
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Term
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Definition
| lived int he oligocene in egypt 36-31mya. had a small brain and was a anthropoid. |
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Term
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Definition
| was a anthropoid hominoid that lived int he Miocene in Africa 18-16mya. |
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Term
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Definition
| it is a anthropoid hominoid that lived in the miocene in africa 23-15mya. |
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Term
| What is a Gigantopithecus? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is orrorin tugenensis? |
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Definition
| lived in the miocene in kenya and tugan hills around 6mya. shows signs of bipedalism. mix of hominin and ape features. |
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Term
| what is ardipithecus ramidus? |
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Definition
| found by tim white, 5.8-5.2 mya has a moved foramen magnum and small canines. |
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Term
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Definition
| evolved in the pliocene around 3.5-3mya in the hadar, ethiopia laetoli and chad. he had a ape brain with hands and feet for climbing. |
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Term
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Definition
| lived in the pliocene in south africa 3-2.2mya. he had a small brain with sexual dimorphism. he was the one who had the moved foramen magnum. |
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Definition
| lived in the pliocene in Awash ethiopia 2.5 mya. had ape brain with prognathism. also had sagittal crest with large back teeth. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Evolved during the pliocene, found in lake turkana and lived about 2.5 mya, was sexually dimorphic, had sagittal crest and other aspects for chewing. |
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Definition
| lived 2.3-1.3mya in the pliocene and pleistocene in olduvai gorge tanzania. had chewing adaptations. |
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Term
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Definition
| lived in the pleistocene in south africa 1.8-1mya years ago. had chewing adaptations and was bipedal. |
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Term
| what is kenyanthropus platyops? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is H. habilis? what is H. rudolfensis? |
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Definition
| lived during the pliocene and pleistocene in olduvai gorge in tanzania and east africa around 2.4-1.6mya. brains towards ape end with small teeth and face. |
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Term
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Definition
| lived in africa and eurasia 1.8mya-600kya during the pleistocene. example is dmanisi and turkana boy. uses fire, and mode 1 and 2 tools. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.8-30kya in east asia example is java man and peking man. has sagittal keel and used mode 1 and 2 tools. |
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Term
| What is H. Heidelbergensis? |
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Definition
| 900-130kya lived in africa and west eurasia, had a prognathic face with brow ridges, used mode 2 and 3 tools with javelins. |
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Term
| what is H.neanderthalensis? |
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Definition
| lived 127 to 30 kya in europe, example is in shanidar and le chapellle. had brow ridges with big face and robust body short limbs. used mode 3 tools. |
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Term
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Definition
| 200-now world wide. small face, chine, rounded skull, vertical forhead use language and uses mode 4 tools. |
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Term
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Definition
| 65 mya first major mammal radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| 54mya, warm tropical climate becomes widespread. modern orders of mammals appear, prosimian like primates evolve, anthropoids appear by the late eocene. |
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Term
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Definition
| 34mya cooler and drier in the north, anthropoids in Africa, separation of catarrhines and platyrrhines, separation of hylobatids from pongids and hominids |
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Term
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Definition
| 23mya cooler and drier grasslands spread in middle latitudes: Africa collides with eurasia. (afropithecus, Pamapithecus, sivapithecus) |
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Term
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Definition
| 5mya A.Robustus, A.africanus, A.afarensis, A. anamensis, Ardipithecus ramidus. |
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Term
| Describe the pleistocene? |
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Definition
| 1.8 mya climatic fluctuations, glaciation, Homo, and A. boisei |
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Term
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Definition
| 12kya transition to agriculture, emergence of states. |
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Term
| whats the shortcut for remembering the epochs of the Cenozoic? |
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Definition
| Harry Potter Prefers Mudbloods Over Evil Purebloods |
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Term
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Definition
| the hobbit. live 35-14kya in Indonesia. |
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Term
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Definition
| fossil prosimians from the eocene, they had grasping hands and feet large eyes and were nocturnal. lived everywhere but africa. |
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Term
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Definition
| fossil prosimians much like modern day lemures and lorises. |
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Term
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Definition
| culture is diverse, studies ethno atlas 800 cultures, found 12x10^52 possibilitys. |
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