Term
| What is the tidal volume? |
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Definition
| The amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs during only one breathing cycle while the subject is at rest |
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Term
| What is the amount o fair that moves in or out of the lungs during any one breathing cycle while the subject is at rest? |
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Definition
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Term
| What factors influence diffusion of gasses between lungs and the blood? |
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Definition
| Respiratory surface area. Diffusion distance. Concentration gradient. |
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Term
| What is a high concentration gradient in the lungs sustained by? |
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Definition
1) movement of blood with low O2 and high CO2 levels to the lungs
2) pulmonary ventilation (breathing) |
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Term
| What is the inspiratory reserve volume? |
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Definition
| It is the additional air that can breathed in after normal inspiration. |
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Term
| What is the expiratory reserve volume (ERV)? |
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Definition
| Expiratory reserve volume is the additional volume that can be exhaled after regular expiration. |
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Term
| What is the residual volume? |
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Definition
| Residual volume is the reserve volume that cannot be exhaled from the lungs. It sustaines the shape of the alveoli. |
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Term
| What is the vital capacity? |
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Definition
| the vital capacity is the maximal volume of air that can be exchanged during a single breathing cycle. Represents the maximal TV possible for an individual. |
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Term
| Where are the adjustments in the tidal volume and breathing rate regulated by |
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Definition
| in the respiratory center of the medulla oblongota. |
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Term
| What is the equation for breathing rape? |
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Definition
| Breathing rate (breaths/min) = 60 seconds/min / mean breath period (sec/breath) |
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Term
| How do you calculate Total lung capacity from residual volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the equation to calculate vital capacity in men and women? |
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Definition
VC (male subject) = (o.052H) - (0.022A) - 3.60
VC (female subject) = (0.041H) - (0.018A) - 2.69 |
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Term
| what is the nervous system that adjusts the cardiac function to meet the immediate needs of body tissues? |
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Definition
| The autonomic nervous system |
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Term
| On an ECG, a change in heart rate would be measured as a change in what? |
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Definition
| As a change in the P-P interval. |
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Term
| An increased heart rate is measured by what in an ECG recording? |
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Definition
| Its accomplished by reducign the time between beats, the T-P interval. |
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Term
| The overall depoarization/repolarization cycle occurs where in an ECG recording? |
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Definition
| complete depolarization/repolarization cycle occurs between the P-T cycle. |
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Term
| Which autonomic nervous system influences the heart during fight or flight? what does it release? |
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Definition
In a fight or flight response the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands.
binds to heart and causes it to beat faster. |
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Term
| Which autonomic nervous system influences the heart during relaxation? what does it release? |
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Definition
| The parasympathetic nervous system releases acetylcholine from the vagus nerve which binds to receptors of the heart and causes it to beat more slowly. |
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Term
| What is the baroreceptor reflex? |
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Definition
| It is a feedback loops that normally acts to coordinate heart activity, arterial blood pressure and peripheral blood pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| it is when heart rate slows down appreciably |
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Term
| What is diving bradycardia? |
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Definition
| Diving bradycardia occurs when blood is being shunted away from the arterial extremeties towards the more important organs (heart and brain). This causes an increase in central blood pressure, which the parasympathetic nervous system releases acetylcholine from the vagus nerve, which binds to receptors on the heart and causes its contraction rate to slow down. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mechanoreceptor found in the aeorta (just off of the heart) and by the carotid artery leading to the brain. Response to stretch caused by increases in blood pressure. |
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