Term
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| what does ramphanomycin do |
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Definition
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Term
| what antibiotics stop translation |
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Definition
| streptomyocin, arythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol |
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Term
| what type of antibiotic is streptomyocin |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of antibiotic is arythryomicin |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| inactivate eukaryotic elongation factor 3 (eEF-2) preventing translocation |
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Definition
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Definition
| inactivate eukaryotic elongation factor 3 (eEF-2) preventing translocation |
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Term
| what toxins come from different sources but both inactivate eukaryotic elongation factor 3 (eEF-2) preventing translocation |
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Definition
| dyptheria and pseudomonas |
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Term
| what does chloramphenicol do |
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Definition
| interfere with mitochondrial protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what happens if you give too much antibiotic |
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Definition
| it can inhibit mitochondrial translation |
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Term
| what happens if you give too little antibiotic |
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Definition
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Term
| how is a protein directed to a specific organell |
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Definition
| it has a specific sequences |
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Term
| how does a protein ment to get translated in the RER vs the cytoplasm get to its destination |
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Definition
| proteins destined for the RER begin translation in the cytoplasm but when the special sequence is found they are released and sent to the RER |
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Term
| what receptors signal for a protein to be sent to the RER |
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Definition
| SRP interacts with a SRP receptor and hydrophpbic signal on the protein |
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Term
| what is the fate of the signal sequence that gets a protein to the RER for translation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cleaving of a signaling sequence off a protein (EX: RER destined proteins) |
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Term
| what are some functions of trimming |
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Definition
| may activate proteins when the reach their final destination so they don't mess up the cell |
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Term
| what is the function of a chaperone |
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Definition
| assist proteins in folding correctly |
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Term
| what is the function of a protoelytic enzyme |
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Definition
| allows proteins to remain inactive until they reach their target destination |
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Term
| what are some examples of proteins that need trimming |
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Definition
| insulin, collagen, anything with a signaling sequence to go to an organell |
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Term
| what are some post translation covalent modifications |
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Definition
| phosphorlyation (kinases), dephosphorlyation (phosphatases), glycosylation, hydroxylation, vitamin k dependent carboxylation, attachment of farnesyl, acetlyation |
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Term
| where do covalent post translational modifications do their work |
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Definition
| on hydroxyl groups of serine, threonine, and occasionally tyrosine |
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Term
| what is the function of covalent post translational modifications |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| addition of sugar residues to proteins |
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Term
| what types of ways can glycosylation occur |
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Definition
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Term
| what participates in an n link |
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Definition
| amide nigtogen of asparagine participating in glycosylation |
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Term
| what participates in an o link |
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Definition
| serine or threonine hydroxyl participating in glycosylation |
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Term
| what proteins is glycosylation associated with |
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Definition
| membrane proteins, lysosomal proteins, secreted proteins |
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Term
| give an example of hydroxylation |
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Definition
| proline and lysing in collagen, important in cross linking fibers |
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Term
| how does vitamin k modify proteins |
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Definition
| it carboxylates glutamate residues required for blood clotting |
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Term
| what is the purpose of attaching a farnesyl group (lipid) to a protein |
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Definition
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Term
| give an example of acetylation |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of acetylation |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the synthesis of insulin |
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Definition
1. initially there is a long precursor protein
2. it is targeted to the RER
3. the signal is removed
4. disulfide bonds are made to join end fragments
5. c-peptide between fragments is cleaved
6. c-peptide and insulin are stored in secretory granules |
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Term
| why can c-peptide be used to measure insulin levels |
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Definition
| it is send into the blood with insulin but lasts 30 min vs 5 min so it is always at a higher concentration |
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Term
| why do we think that c-peptide has no function |
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Definition
| it isnt in artificial insulin and those people are fine |
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Term
| why is c-peptide useful when people are using artificial insulin |
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Definition
| if they go into diabetic shock, you can measure c-peptide to tell if it was because of the medication or their own insulin production |
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Term
| describe the synthesis of collagen |
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Definition
1. translated in RER
2. hydroxylated
3. glycosylation
4. disulfide bond formation resulting in triple helix
5. ends cleaved off
7. triple helix is cross linked |
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Term
| what disease does a vitamin C deficiency cause |
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Definition
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Term
| how does vitamin deficiency cause disease |
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Definition
| it is a cofactor for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen |
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Term
| what are the symptoms of scurvy |
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Definition
| bruise easily, loose teeth, bleeding gums, poor bone development, poor wound healing |
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Term
| where does the disulfide bond formation in insulin processing occur |
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Definition
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Term
| where does the clevage of c-peptide in insulin processing occur |
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Definition
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Term
| what does a mutation in the collagen gene causing buliker amino acids to replace glycine cause |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the symptoms of type 1 osteogenesis imperfecta |
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Definition
| less erver, suspect of child abuse |
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Term
| what are the symptoms of type 2 osteogenesis imferfecta |
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Definition
| fatal in utero or nenonatal period |
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Term
| what are the symptoms of osteogenesis imperfects |
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Definition
| brittle bones, blue slera of eyes, hearing loss, dental imperfections |
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Term
| what causes ehlers-alantos syndrome |
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Definition
EDS
multiple mutations in the collagen genes or collagen enzymes (collagen pepsidase) |
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Term
| what are the symptoms of ehlers-alantos syndrome |
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Definition
| hyperextensiable skin, hypermobile joines, easy bleeding or bruising, potentially lethal vascular problems due to collagen in arteries |
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Term
| what causes menkes disease |
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Definition
| mutation in copper transport protein leading to a copper deficiency. lysol oxidase cross links collagen fibrils and needs coper to do it |
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Term
| what are the symptoms of menkens disease |
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Definition
| kinky hair, steely hair color, adrenal rupture, cerebral degeneration (retardation), osteoperosis, anemia |
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Term
| how does the cell know proteins are suposed to go to the lysosome |
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Definition
| there is a a phosphorylation at a specific manos |
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Term
| what is the word that describes the functional role of the lysosome |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| extracellular proteins and membrane surface proteins, intracellular proteins that are damaged or need turnover, proteins tagged by ubiquitin |
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Term
| what causes i-cell disease |
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Definition
| proteins that are suposed to go to the lysosome are not phosphorylated so they are sent outside the cell and the lysosome cannot digest and they become engourged. the cells that got let out degrade the body |
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