Term
|
Definition
| tricarboxcylic acid cycle |
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|
Term
| what are other ways to say TCA cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| overall what does the TCA cycle do |
|
Definition
| metabolizes carbs, AA, FA into CO2 which is exhaled. ATP production. |
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|
Term
| where does the TCA cycle occur |
|
Definition
| in mitochondria near the ETC |
|
|
Term
| what does the ETC do, in general |
|
Definition
| couples oxidation of reduced coenzymes made in TCA to production of ATP |
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|
Term
| what is the TCA cycle dependent on, why |
|
Definition
| oxygen, it is aerobic. because O2 is the final e- acceprot in the ETC |
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|
Term
| what origional ingredients are lost in the TCA cycle, explain |
|
Definition
| none, oxaloacetate is the rectant and the final product of the ccle |
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|
Term
| what is the reaction that connects glycolysis to the TCA cycle |
|
Definition
| oxidative decarboxylation of purivate, pyruvate to acetyl CoA |
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|
Term
| what are the reactantS and productS of oxidative decarbodylation of pyruvate |
|
Definition
| pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ --> NADH + CO2 + acetyl CoA |
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|
Term
| what enzyme catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate |
|
Definition
| pyruvate dehydrogenase complex |
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|
Term
| is oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate a comitted step, what does that mean |
|
Definition
| yes, only goes in one direaction |
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|
Term
| what activates pyruvate dehydrogenase |
|
Definition
| pyruvate, NAD+, ADP, Ca in muscle, CoA |
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|
Term
| what deactivates pyruvate dehydrogenase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| before oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, but after glycolysis what needs to happen |
|
Definition
| pyruvate needs to be transported into the mitochondria via sepcific transporters |
|
|
Term
| what are the coenzymes included in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex |
|
Definition
| thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), lipoid acid, CoA, FAD, NAD+ |
|
|
Term
| where does lipoic acid come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does NAD+ come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many ATP are made total per glucose in the TCA cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the break down of true products that adds up to 12 ATP total made in TCA cycle |
|
Definition
3 NADH = 9 ATP,
1 FADH2 = 2 ATP,
1 GTP = 1 ATP |
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|
Term
| after the TCA cycle, how many ATP have been made total |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| explain how there are 38 total ATP after TCA per molecule of glucose |
|
Definition
glycolysis: 8
oxydative decarboxylation of pyruvate: 2 NADH = 6 ATP
TCA: 24 ATP |
|
|
Term
| explain how glycolysis produces 8 ATP per molecule of glucose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the TAC what does oxaloacetate turn into, what does it need to do this |
|
Definition
| citrate. it needs acetyl CoA and citrate synthase |
|
|
Term
| what regulates citrate synthase |
|
Definition
| substrate/product regulation |
|
|
Term
| what are the irreversible reaction enzymes of TCA |
|
Definition
| citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase complex |
|
|
Term
| what is the rate limiting step of TAC |
|
Definition
| isocitrate to alpha-ketogluterate via isocitrate dehydrogenase |
|
|
Term
| in the TAC what does citrate turn into |
|
Definition
| it can go inhibit PFK-1, it can do fatty acid synthesis, or turn into isocitrate |
|
|
Term
| what catalyzes citrate into isocitrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of reaction is citrate to isocitrateq |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does isocitrate turn into in the TAC, what does it need to do this, what are all the products |
|
Definition
| isocitrate + NAD --> NADH + CO2 + alpha-ketogluterate |
|
|
Term
| what type of reaction is isocitrate to alpha-ketogluterate |
|
Definition
| oxidation and decarboxylation |
|
|
Term
| what inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what stimulates isocitrate dehydrogenase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what enzymes of the TCA are involved in reactions that make NADH |
|
Definition
| isocitrate DH, alpha-ketogluterate DH, malate DH |
|
|
Term
| what enzymes of the TCA are involved in reactions that make CO2 |
|
Definition
| isocitrate DH, alpha-ketogluterate DH |
|
|
Term
| what enzymes of the TCA are involved in reactions that make GTP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what enzymes of the TCA are involved in reactions that make FADH2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does alpha-ketogluterate turn into in TCA, what are the other substrates and products |
|
Definition
| CoA + NAD + alpha-ketogluterate --> NADH + CO2 + succinyl CoA |
|
|
Term
| what enzyme turns alpha-ketogluterate into succinyl CoA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what inhibits alpha-ketogluterate DH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what stimulates alpha-ketogluterate DH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of reaction does alpha-ketogluterate DH catalyze |
|
Definition
| oxidative decarboxylation |
|
|
Term
| what is alpha-ketogluterate DH simillar to |
|
Definition
| pyruvate kinase DH complex |
|
|
Term
| in the TCA what does succinyl-CoA turn into, what are they other products and reactants |
|
Definition
| succinyl CoA + GDP --> GTP + succinate |
|
|
Term
| what enzyme catalyzes succinyl Coa to succinate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of reaction does succinate thiokinase catalyze |
|
Definition
| substrate level phosphorlyation |
|
|
Term
| what does GTP from the TCA turn into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the TCA what does succinate turn into, what are the other reactants and products |
|
Definition
| succinate + FAD --> fumurate + FADH2 |
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|
Term
| what catalyzes succinate to fumerate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is succinate DH located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does succinate DH do |
|
Definition
| succinate to fumerase. complex II of ETC |
|
|
Term
| what does fumurate turn into in the TCA, what are the other products and reactants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is malate turned into in the TCA, what are the other products and reactants |
|
Definition
| malate + NAD --> NADH and oxaloacetate |
|
|
Term
| what does arsenic poisoning do in the TCA cycle |
|
Definition
| removes lipolic acid inhibiting PDH and alpha-ketogluterate DH |
|
|
Term
| how can blocking the ETC block the TCA |
|
Definition
| decreasing O2 for example, causes build up of products and inhibits TCA |
|
|
Term
| what does a niacin or thiamine deficiency cause |
|
Definition
| decreases the activity of PDH and alpha-ketogluterate DH, this leads to CNS problems because the brain needs glucose to survive |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for wernickle korsakoff syndrome |
|
Definition
| encephalopathy psycosis syndrome |
|
|
Term
| what occurs in wernickle korsakoff syndrome |
|
Definition
| decreaded thiamine causes decreased activity of PDH and alpha-ketogluterate DH |
|
|
Term
| who commonly has wernickle korsakoff syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the names of diseases with a PDH deficiency |
|
Definition
| leign syndrome, subacute necrotizing encephalomelopathy |
|
|
Term
| what occurs in a PDH deficiency |
|
Definition
| pyruvate cannot go into the TCA cycle so it goes to making lactic acid, leads do chronic lactic acid acidosis |
|
|
Term
| what are the symptoms of PDh deficiency |
|
Definition
| neuro degeneration, muscle spasticity, early death |
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