Term
| where does Translation occure? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| reads mRNA and brings appropriate amino acids. |
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Term
| tRNA carries amino acids on what end? and what is on the opposite end? |
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Definition
| 3' end and a anticodon loop |
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Term
| are all ribosomes protiens? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a anticodon loop? |
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Definition
| anitcodon loops have specific bases on the RNA telling wich Amino acid is needed. |
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Term
| True or false the genetic code is the same for every living organism? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a Iso acceptor tRNA? |
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Definition
| has a different anticodon loop but same amino acid. |
|
|
Term
| how many codons are there? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| represents the translation start and also codes for methionine. |
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Term
| the start codon defines what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens in a mutation? |
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Definition
| DNA is relativly stable but base sequences can be altered under certain circumstances. mistakes occur during replication. chemical mutagens and ionizing radiation can cause insertions/deletions of bases. |
|
|
Term
| what is a Non-sense mutation? |
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Definition
| codon is changed to come to a premature stop |
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|
Term
| What is a frame shift mutation? |
|
Definition
| nucleotide is added or deleted |
|
|
Term
| what is a mis-sense mutation? |
|
Definition
| codon is changed representing a different amino acid |
|
|
Term
| what is a Silent mutation? |
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Definition
| a codon is changed but codes the same amino acid. |
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Term
| who coined the term "protiens" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the literal meaning of "Protien"? |
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Definition
| of first rank or very important |
|
|
Term
| protiens can spontaneusly fold into what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| virtually all enzymes are ____________? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| enzymes catalyze all biochemical reactions by increasing ___________? |
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Definition
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Term
| proteins can ________ small molecules like oxygen and iron. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| name the seven functions of Protiens. |
|
Definition
enzymatic Catalysis
Transport and Storage
Coordinated motion
Mechanical strength
Immunity
Neurotransmission
Growth and differentiation |
|
|
Term
| What is the centeral Dogma? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| can one amino acid sequence have two structures? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| is the pH at which 50% ofan ionizable group is ionized |
|
|
Term
| what happens at pH values > pKa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens at pH values < pKa? |
|
Definition
| addition of protons occurs |
|
|
Term
| what is a Zwitterionic form? |
|
Definition
| when 50% of the ionizable groups become ionized. pH is 7. |
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Term
| Name all the amino acids that are Hydrophobic. |
|
Definition
Alanine
Valine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Leucine
Isoleucine
methionine
proline |
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|
Term
| Name all the polar amino acids. |
|
Definition
Serine
Threonine
Tyrosine
Cysteine
Asparagine
Glutamine
Histidine
Glycine |
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|
Term
| Name all the charged amino acids |
|
Definition
Aspartate
Glutamate
Lysine
Arginine |
|
|
Term
| is Histidine an acid or a base? |
|
Definition
| Histidine can act as an acid or a base. |
|
|
Term
| Cysteine can interact and creat what kind of bonds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a peptide bond forms where? |
|
Definition
| Between a C=O and a N. peptide bonds have a biproduct of a water molecule. |
|
|
Term
| does peptide bonds exist primarily in Trans or Cis formation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are Proline peptide bonds Cis or Trans? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| why is there a restricted freedom between bond angles? |
|
Definition
| steric exclusion is a powerful organizing principle |
|
|
Term
| what is the Ramachandran plot? |
|
Definition
| it shows at what Phi/Psi angles are possible. |
|
|
Term
| what are the four levels of protein structure? |
|
Definition
Primary structure- sequence of amino acids
Secondary structure- locally organized regions
Tertiary structure- 3D shape
Quaternary structure-multiple units of the same protein coming together. |
|
|
Term
| what is the primary structure? |
|
Definition
| the linear sequence of amino acids that constitutes a polypeptide/protien |
|
|
Term
| what is the direction of the primary structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| protein conformation is dictated by what? |
|
Definition
| the nature of the side chains. peptide bonds are rigid |
|
|
Term
| the secondary structure of protein is? |
|
Definition
| the folding of polypeptide/protein chains into regular structures like alpha helixes and beta sheets as well as turns and loops. |
|
|
Term
| the Alpha helix in a protien structure is left or right handed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an alpha helix has how many amino acids per turn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| true or false side chains extend inward toward the helical axis? |
|
Definition
| False side chains extend outward away from the helical axis. |
|
|
Term
| can the side chains of one alpha helix interact with those of another? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is it called when one whole side of a alpha helix is polar and the other side is nonpolar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when two helixes are wound around each other. they are very strong and are mostly found in the musculoskeletal system. |
|
|
Term
| who discovered beta sheets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of bonds are between adjacent strands of a beta sheet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| beta sheets can run in a _______ direction or a _________ direction. |
|
Definition
| parallel and antiparallel |
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|
Term
| one amino acid is attached to __ hydrogens. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the function of turns and loops? |
|
Definition
for the reversal of polypeptide chain direction
anitgen-binding sites of antibodies are made up of loops
hypervariability of loops are important for immunity |
|
|
Term
| where are polar amino acids located on a protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are hydrophobic AA located in a protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can hydrogen bonds happen on side chains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a protein core must be _______ charged. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a multimeric protein? |
|
Definition
| more then one fully folded protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| same/identical protein sequence and structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hemoglobin has __% carrying capacity of oxygen and Myoglobin has __% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many subuntis does hemoglobin and myoglobin have respectivly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the main reason for the difference in oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin and myoglobin? |
|
Definition
| binding in hemoglobin has four polypeptide chains and binding of oxygen is cooperative. |
|
|
Term
| what is the prostetic group? |
|
Definition
| tightly bound to the protein and helps in the functioning of the protein group. |
|
|
Term
| is there a higher amount of alpha helix's in myoglobin or hemoglobin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the structure of heme? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| heme is always attachted to two ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can you change the environment around the heme molecule? |
|
Definition
| no because it can destroy its functioning |
|
|
Term
| heme is the binding site for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hemoglobin transports oxygen by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the sigmoital curve represent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does oxygen binding of one chain influence the binding on another chain? |
|
Definition
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