Term
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Definition
| elevation of fasting blood glucose due to insuine deficiency |
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Term
| what is another name for type 1 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| insulin dependent, juvenile |
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Term
| what metabolic state is type 1 diabetes mellitus most like |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
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Term
| what causes type 1 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| toxin or virus that initiates destruction of B cells in the pancreas |
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Term
| how / when does type 1 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| sudden onset in childhood or puberty or stress or illness |
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Term
| is there a genetic component to type 1 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
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Term
| how does type 1 diabetes mellitus cause hyperglycemia |
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Definition
| decrease in insulin causes gluconeogenesis and decrease glucose uptake into the tissues |
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Term
| how does type 1 diabetes mellitus cause ketoacidosis |
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Definition
| decrease in insulin causes adipocytes to release FA which is used for ketone production |
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Term
| how does type 1 diabetes mellitus cause hyperlipidemia and hypertriacylglycerolemia (long story like answer) |
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Definition
| FA from food or liver normally go to the TCA or ketogenesis in type 1 diabetes mellitus but once those become overwhelmed it goes into making VLDl which goes to the tissues but lipoprotein lipase is overwhelmed so chylomicrons build up too |
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Term
| what are the ways to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| standard insulin and insensitive insulin therapy |
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Term
| how does standard insulin therpay work |
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Definition
| controls blood glucose with insulin injections to 225-275 mg/dl and HbA1C to 8-9% |
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Term
| how does insensitive insuline therapy work |
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Definition
| use insulin injections to control blood glucose to 150 mg/dl and HbAiC to 7% |
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Term
| what is normal blood glucose and HbA1C levels |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is the clinical significance of HbA1C |
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Definition
| it helps measure blood glucose over time and not relative to the closest meal because it lasts as long as the blood vessels last, measures long term effects |
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Term
| why is hypoglycemia a threat to patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| because glucagon and epinepherine cells are compormized to insulin therapy can easily cause it |
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Term
| why cant children do intensive insulin therapy |
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Definition
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Term
| whyy cant the elderly do intensive insulin therapy |
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Definition
| increased stroke and heart attack risk. it is also for long term |
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Term
| what metabolic state is type 2 diabetes mellitus like |
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Definition
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Term
| what is wrong in type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| cant maintain insulin supply. first due to an insulin resistance due to obesity then B cells become dysfunctional |
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Term
| is type 2 diabetes mellitus genetic |
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Definition
| it does have a larger genetic component |
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Term
| describe how type 2 diabetes mellitus like causes ketoacidosis |
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Definition
| it doesnt, the presence of insulin usually prevents it |
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Term
| does everyone with insulin resistance have type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| no, pretty much everyone who is obease has it |
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Term
| what is the hyperinsulinemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus proportionate to |
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Definition
| glucose increases over time |
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Term
| why would someone with type 2 diabetes mellitus need insulin injections |
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Definition
| because B cells have been dysfunctional to a long enough period of time |
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Term
| what accelerates the B cell destruction in type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| toxic effects of hyperglycemia and free FA |
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Term
| what are the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia |
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Term
| what is there hyperlipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| increased VLDL and chylomicrons |
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Term
| how is newly developed type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| it can be reversed with a better life style |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease gluconeogenesis in the liver, help type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Term
| what are the chronic effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| athlerosclerosis, retinapothy (blindness), neuropathy, nepheropathy, cataracts, HbAiC production, protein glycosylation |
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Term
| why do people with type 2 diabetes mellitus get cataracts |
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Definition
| increased glucose uptake in non insulin sensitive tissues |
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