Term
| some functions of amino acids |
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Definition
-signal molecules, such as neurotransmitters
-precursors to other biomolecules, such as hormones, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins |
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Term
| the unique part of each amino acid |
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Definition
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Term
| the isomers of amino acids |
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Definition
| D and L; they are enantiomers |
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Term
| the type of amino acids that make up proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| how amino acids typically exist in physiological condition |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how an amino acid is in zwitterionic (dipolar ion) form |
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Definition
| has protonated amino group (NH3+) and deprotonated carboxyl group (COO-) |
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Term
| state of amino acid at low pH |
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Definition
| both amino and carboxyl protonated |
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Term
| state of amino acid at high pH |
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Definition
| both amino and carboxyl deprotonated |
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Term
| the 4 groups of amino acids |
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Definition
1: hydrophobic w/ nonpolar R groups
2: polar w/ neutral R groups
3: positively charged w/ positive in R group
4: negatively charged w/ negative in R group |
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Term
| characteristic of the hydrophobic amino acids |
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Definition
| have side chains consisting mainly of C and H |
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Term
| what the hydrophobic amino acids do in protein formation |
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Definition
| they tend to cluster together inside the protein away from the aqueous environment |
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Term
| characteristic of polar amino acids |
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Definition
| their side chains contain electronegative atoms |
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Term
| characteristics of positively charged amino acids |
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Definition
-positive charge in side chain
-hydrophilic |
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Term
| characteristic of negatively charged amino acids |
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Definition
| have acidic side chains that have a negative charge |
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Term
| what ionizeable side chains do for amino acids |
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Definition
| enhance reactivity and bonding |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to donate or accept protons |
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