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| Where primates live? Platyrrhines from... Lemurs from... |
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Definition
| All over tropics and subtropics; Platyrrhines from S. America; Lemurs from Madagascar |
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| What are primate's habitates they live in? |
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Definition
| Rain forest: forest: gallery forest: savanna; tropical forest divisions: emergent canopy: main canopy: understory |
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| All fours above the branch |
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| on the knuckle, like a chimp |
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| swings from the arms under the brancvhes |
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| small animal, climbs slowly, always holding on |
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| Vertical clinger and leaper |
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Definition
| holds onto vertical tree trunks, jumps with powerful hindlegs |
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Definition
| big things that climb around hanging from branches, like the orangutan |
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| why do they eat what they eat and what? |
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| Insects and leaves give protein; fruit gives sugar (energy) |
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| above 500 gm must resort to leaves from protein instead of insects |
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| Mating system where females are in separate territories and the male wanders |
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Definition
| one female mates with two or more males; marmosets, tarmins |
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Definition
| mate with only one partner (gibbons, siomang) |
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| mate with more than one partner |
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Definition
| multi-male multi-female, where a group of males live with a group of females. Males may have different relationships to each other. 1) males hate each other and fight for access to females. Males usually establish a linear dominance hierarchy. 2) Several females form a bond with a male, but these "single-male" units aggregate daily to form larger bands. Males are hostile to each other – also known as a "multilevel society." Groups of related males defend a territory embracing a large group of unrelated females. Mating is promiscuous, and males don't hate each other so much. Also known as a "fission-fusion" society or "community." |
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| single male, multi-female groups where a single male excludes othermales from access to a small group of females |
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| Include lorises, bushbabies, lemurs, the aye-aye. Grooming claw; tooth comb for grooming; wet rhinarium (pad on nose); multiple nipples; tupetum lucidum - light reflecting tissue behind retina |
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Term
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| In Tarsiiformes infraorder; complex blend of derived traits; nocturnal insectivors; form stable pair-bonds; enormous eyes, immobile in their sockets; rotate head 180 degrees; |
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| In Lorisoidea superfamily; survival on nocturnality; insectivous; avoid evolved primate competition; slow mode of locomotion; agile vertile clingers/leapers; highly variable in form, shape, size; acute hearing; fingernails |
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| in Lemuroidea superfamily; only on Madagascar; 5 in to 3ft; well adaptable; diurnal (day); gregarious in behavior; variable in size,shape and morphology |
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| infraorder including catarrhines and platyrrhines |
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| New World Monkeys; widely adapted to forests in Mexico, C&S America; five taxonomic families, 70 species; vary widely in size, diet, adaptations; almost exclusively arboreal; prehensile tail; 10oz to 25 lbs; 3 pre-molars, broad noses; no "eartube" |
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Definition
| suborder; larger body size; bigger brains (exception Tarsiers); reliance on vision over smell; eyes more forward facing; generalized dentition; fusion of mandible at midline; longer gestation period; increased parental care of children |
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Definition
| Old world monkeys, apes, humans; parvorder including Cercopithecoidea and Hominoidea |
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Definition
| a Family; sakis, titis, and uakaris (ugly/goofy looking) |
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Definition
| a Family; squirrel monkeys, capuchins, owl monkey, mormosets |
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Definition
| a Family; howlers, spider monkeys, and muriquis |
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Definition
| super family (all Old World monkeys) narrow interorbital region; broad incisors; shallow jaw; low cusps; cheek pouches; similar lengths arms and legs;;; includes guenons, macaques, baboons, gelada baboons, drills and mandrills, mangabeys) |
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| African leaf monkeys = colobus monkeys; asian leaf monkeys = langurs; proboscis monkey |
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Term
Different hominoids and their meanings
(hylobatids, Pongo, Gorilla, Pan, Humans) |
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Definition
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| What ecological forces shape the monkeys minds, and how do they work? (CM) |
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Definition
| threats and opportunities |
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| What is unique about capuchin monkeys? CM |
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Definition
| larger brain compared to body size |
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| What aspects of monkey social behavior translate meaningfully into human cultural life? CM |
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Definition
| obsession with baby safety; seeking power; manipulation |
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| Why is grooming significant? CM |
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Definition
| shows respect and affection |
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| Why is grooming significant? CM |
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Definition
| shows respect and affection |
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| What do the vocalizations of the howler monkey convey? CM |
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Definition
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| Where is the ancestral home of monkeys? CM |
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Definition
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| What is significant about intra-species and interspecies communication among monkeys |
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Definition
| it resembles the first signs of grammar, language and tone |
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| How does the transition from the trees to the open savanna inform our understanding of bio-cultural evolution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Machiavellian intelligence? |
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Definition
| using mind as a way of social control (manipulation, politics) |
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Term
| Sociobiological model for group living (why) |
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Definition
1) where resources are patchy, groups of females will band together and
provide mutual defense of a territory to ensure that there is enough food
for themselves by keeping other females out. 2) regardless of resource
availability and distribution, diurnal primates will form groups to help
defend against predators. This explains why folivorous primates live in
groups. Note that female defend territories from other females for access
to resources, while males will defend groups of females for other males. |
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Term
Dominance hierarchies
Linear male dominance hierarchy
Female matrilineal dominance hierarchy |
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Definition
Linear male dominance hierarchy: Males set up a "pecking order" so
that Bob is dominant to everybody: Chuck is dominant to
everybody except Bob: Bill is dominant to everybody except Bob and Chuck and so on…
Female Matrilineal Dominance hierarchy: : a linear dominance hierarchy,
except now it is whole groups of related females that are dominant
or subordinant to other groups of females. Thus, every female of
the "alpha" matriline (all descended from Martha) is dominant to
every female of the "beta" matriline (all descendents of Elizabeth). |
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Definition
| Antagonistic or hostile behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Escalation of agonistic competition into a fight |
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| "contest" individuals compete aggressively and often hostilely for access to mates, resources, etc. |
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Definition
"scramble" - individuals displace each other without
fighting. If I have six pieces of pie, me and my five friends will
divide it up without fighting. However, if I choose first, my friends
can't have my piece, so they are displaced to choosing the other
pieces. |
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Term
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Definition
| making up after a fight. often done by grooming |
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Definition
| two or more individuals who partner up to fight another |
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Definition
| two males gang up on another. When he is defeated, the two males turn on each other |
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Definition
related females stick together and help each other in fights.
Permanent bond, usually associated with matrilineal dominance
hierarchies. |
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Term
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Definition
| helping out another individual at some cost to yourself. usually done towards relatives |
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Definition
| basic primate social relationship |
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| basic part of a territory that a group will actively defend from other groups |
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| the area that a group will use during a single day |
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Definition
males will kill the offspring of females so that the females will come
into estrous and he can mate with them. This is a male reproductive tactic,
and is contingent on two things 1) lactational amenorrhea and 2) males know which offspring they did not sire. Note that females develop several counterstrategies to overcome infanticide, the most effective of which is confusing paternity by promiscuous mating. |
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Definition
| study of how fossils are formed |
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Term
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Definition
| Potassium/Argon: Argon/Argon: Carbon 14; |
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Term
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Definition
| age of a fossil is determined by its position above or below dated sediments |
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Definition
| faunal correlation; paleomagnetism: earth's magnetic field reverses, affects magnetic crystals in rocks |
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Definition
| marks from activity like footprints, tracks, burrows |
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Definition
| preserved remains of a plant or animal, may be mineralized, filled in casts or even organic remains |
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Term
| Paleocene earliest primates then Eocene |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| group composed of primates, bats, fying lemurs, and tree shrews (Paleocene) |
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Definition
Paleocene; earliest primate-like things from the paleocene. Many
are too derived to be ancestral to primates. Earliest ones have teeth
that are strongly indicative that they share a common ancestor with primates. |
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Definition
| earliest fossil that could have given rise to both primates and plesiadapiforms |
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| Eocene: early tarsier-like primates |
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| Eocene; early lemur like primates |
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| thought by some to have given rise to anthropoids (minority viewpoint) |
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| Pondaungia, Amphipithecus |
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Definition
| SE Asian fossils that were thought to have give rise to anthropoids but are now known to be specialized adapids |
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| likely sister group of ancestral group to anthropoids (China) |
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| the warm sea that ran between north Africa and Europe, north India and south Asia. Many tropical mammalian groups (including primates) originated from species living in areas bounding the Tethys sea. |
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| Oligocene: modern catarrhines and platyrrhines show up |
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Definition
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| richest oligocene fossil beds in the world |
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| early anthropoids not specially related to either platyrrhines or catarrhines |
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| Early catarrhines not specially related to either hominoids, cercopithecoids; ver primitive |
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Definition
| another group of early catarrhines, again not related specially to either hominoids or cercopithecoids; slightly more derived than the oligopithecids |
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Definition
| earliest known New World Monkey actually found in New World |
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| suggested animal related to platyrrhines. best evidence that platyrrhines as a group actually originated in AFrica |
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Definition
evolution of monkeys and apes. Note that apes are most diverse and
abundant (in number of species) during this period. |
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(Miocene) group of apes in the late Miocene. Last survivor is probably the
orangutan. |
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