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| an organized genetic unit capable of metabolism, reproduction, and evolution. |
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| An organism’s metabolism is its |
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| total chemical activity and consists of thousands of individual chemical reactions. |
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| the maintenance of a relatively stable internal condition, such as temperature. |
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| Reproduction with ? is a major characteristic of life |
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| The combination of reproduction and errors in the duplication of the genetic material results in |
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| The differences among living things that enable them to live in different kinds of environments and adopt different lifestyles are called |
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| wrote Natural History of Animals and suggested the possibility of evolution. |
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| Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707–1788) |
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| Buffon observed the similarity of different |
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| mammals’ limbs and suggested that the limbs of mammals were inherited from a common ancestor. |
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| Chemical evolution led to the appearance of life about |
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| Around ? billion years ago certain molecules became enclosed in compartments, or cells. |
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| Cells ? and ? themselves, two fundamental characteristics of life. |
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| capture energy ; replicate |
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| About ? billion years ago some prokaryotes acquired the ability to photosynthesize. |
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| Around ? million years ago, ozone accumulation shielded the landmass from radiation enough to allow the movement of organisms to land. |
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| About ? billion years ago, some cells had surviving smaller cells within them: These were early ? cells. |
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| Two developments made the evolution of multicellular organisms possible |
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The ability of a cell to change its structure and function to meet the challenges of a changing environment
The ability of cells to stick together after they have divided and to act in a coordinated manner |
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| the combining of genes from two cells, appeared early in the evolution of life. |
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| The terms simple and complex refer to an organism’s |
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| All organisms alive today have survived because of appropriate ? to their environments. |
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| Three major life domains form the hierarchical scheme |
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| Archaea and Bacteria (prokaryotes), and Eukarya (eukaryotes). |
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| There are five parts to the hypothesis-prediction (H–P) system: |
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Definition
Making observations
Asking questions
Forming hypotheses, or tentative answers to the questions
Making predictions based on these hypotheses
Testing the predictions by making additional observations or conducting experiments |
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| Most tests of hypotheses are of two types: |
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Controlled experiments
The comparative method |
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