Term
| What is the universal feature of plant life cycles? |
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Definition
| Alternation of Generations. |
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Term
| Based on plant fossils, which plant development time period is most recent? |
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Definition
| The Rise and Diversification of Angiosperms. |
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Term
| What is the fruiting structure of a fungus? |
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Definition
| It is an organ of reproduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| When an animal retains some of its larval/juvenile traits into its adulthood. |
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Term
| What is the membrane in an amniotic egg used for waste storage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most Cnidarians are known to produce toxins. What feature of this group most likely evolved at the same time at the development of these toxins? |
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Definition
| The medusa body form (this produces toxins). |
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Only some species are immune from extinction. |
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Definition
| False - every species can become extinct. |
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Term
| How do hominins differ from other anthropoids? |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Inbreeding between different subspecies may give rise to outbreeding depression. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which mollusc feature substitutes the coelom for organ development and circulation of body fluids? |
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Definition
| Trick Question Kiddos -- Molluscs have a reduced coelom, sometimes called a hemocoel. |
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Term
| Which adaptation is unique to arthropods among all protostomes? |
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Definition
| The ability to move by flying. |
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Air sacs are a distinguishing characteristic of birds. |
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Definition
| False - feathers, lack of certain eggs, amniotic eggs, and a lightweight skeleton are distinguishing characteristics of birds. |
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Term
| When considering the wormlike phyla, what is the best feature to distinguish between types? |
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Definition
| The feeding structures on the mouthparts. |
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Term
| What group of mammals have a short gestation time and are born prematurely? |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Cro-Magnons are considered Homo Sapiens. |
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Definition
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Term
| The presence of vestigial hip and leg bones in boas and pythons are considered evidence for what evolutionary link? |
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Definition
| That snakes had limbed ancestors. |
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Term
| Mammals and birds eat more often than reptiles. Which trait shared by mammals and birds best explains this habit? |
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Definition
| Endothermy (warm-blooded). |
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Term
| This group of deuterostomes is characterized by a water vascular system and a calcium carbonate endoskeleton. |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the development of the jaw contribute to evolutionary diversification of early vertebrate lineages? |
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Definition
| By allowing vertebrates to feed on a wider variety of food sources. |
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Term
| How are hemichordates, urochordates and cephalochordates similar? |
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Definition
| All have pharyngeal gill slits at some point during development. |
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Term
| When bone first evolved in vertebrates, what structure did it first form? |
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Definition
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Term
| This symbiotic association grows on rocks, where it begins the process of soil formation, and it is a major food source for caribou. |
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Definition
| Lichens - cyanobacteria/algae and fungi |
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Fragmentation of natural habitats by human activities creates large amounts of "edge" habitat. |
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Definition
| True - by breaking habitats into many smaller pieces, "edges" become more abundant. |
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: The microclimate of habitat "edges" are similar to the habitat interiors |
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Definition
| False - edges are subject to invasion by weedy species and are exposed to more intense sunlight and wind. |
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Term
| You have located the first animals to have developed feathers. They are ground-dwelling ectotherms unable to fly or glide. Males do not have any feathers, but females have bright blue feathers covering their tails. Which hypothesis of feather evolution would these date most support? |
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Definition
| Feathers initially evolved for use in courtship displays. |
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Term
| What does "Deuterostome" mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: The trend toward a sporophyte-dominated lifestyle is a major trend in land plant evolution. |
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Definition
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Term
| What do all deuterostomes have in common? |
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Definition
| All adults are bilaterally symmetrical. |
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Term
| Lobe-finned fishes had several adaptations that were instrumental in the transition to life on land. Some of these adaptations that were important in the evolution of amphibians are: (3 things). |
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Definition
| Primitive lungs, watertight skin, and jointed fins with muscular support. |
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: All mammals give live birth. |
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Definition
| False - though live birth is most common, for example, the Platypus gives birth to eggs |
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: All mammals have mammary glands and three middle ear bones. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name four benefits to humans for preserving biodiversity. |
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Definition
| Pollination, water purification, flood control, lower dependence on pesticides, tourism and recreation, clean up pollutants, and plants with medicinal value (etc). |
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: A plant in the Galapagos Islands and Brazil has an extremely high conservation priority. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which evolutionary innovation was most significant in helping tetrapods move to dry land? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which factor is the most important in a high biodiversity environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Placental mammals that gestate their young for a prolonged time are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Cheetahs show low sperm counts, high juvenile mortality, inbreeding depression, and show identical genes at the MHC. |
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Definition
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Term
| Would feeding on motile prey lead to a sessile lifestyle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is true of all animals with bilateral symmetry? |
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Definition
| They exhibit a deuterostome pattern of development. |
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Term
| What are the filaments called that make up the multicellular fungi? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which lineages make up the living amniota? |
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Definition
| Reptilia, Aves (Birds), and Mammals. |
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Term
| What is the difference between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria? |
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Definition
| The presence of absence of an outer membrane (Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria BOTH have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, but Gram-positive has much more in the think outer membrane). |
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Term
| What is double fertilization? |
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Definition
| In plants, when one sperm nucleus combines with the egg to form a diploid zygote and the other sperm nucleus combines with two haploid nuclei of the female gametophyte. |
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Term
| What are the sections of Echinodermata tube feet that project outside the body called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The earliest branching lineage of animals is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: MVP (Minimum Viable Population) size is similar for most species. |
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Definition
| False - MVP is the estimate of the number of individuals required for a high probability of survival of a population over a given period of time - so it would not be the same for most species |
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Bacteria and Archaea are the two lineages that are the most closely related. |
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Definition
| False - Archaea and Eukarya are most similar. |
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Term
| What is the pattern component for the theory of chemical evolution? |
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Definition
| Increasingly complex carbon-containing molecules found early in Earth's history. |
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Term
| What best describes ameboid motion? |
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Definition
| Interaction between actin, myosin, and ATP. |
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Ecdysozoans grow by adding to body elements. |
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Definition
| False - Lophotrochozoans grow this way. |
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Inbreeding results in a decrease in heterozygosity. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Maternal care distinguishes primates from other mammals. |
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Definition
| False - other mammals have prolonged maternal care as well. |
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Inbreeding reduces fitness in plants but not in humans. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are endemic species? |
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Definition
| Species found in a particular region and then nowhere else in the world. |
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Term
| What do the fuels wood, peat, coal and ethanol have in common? |
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Definition
| They are all formed by living or fossil plants. |
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Term
| Bioprospectors and ethnobotanists search for plants and plant products used for medicine in native cultures. The major function of the medicinal compounds found in plants is what? |
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Definition
| To defend itself against herbivores and microbes. |
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Term
| Molecular phylogenies show that all land plants are a monophyletic group. What does this suggest? |
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Definition
| There was only one single transition from aquatic to terrestrial for plants. |
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: The development of leaves is associated with angiosperm development. |
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Definition
| False - only flowers, fruit, and vessel elements are associated with this |
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Term
| Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as Bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue, what else do they have in common? |
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Definition
| Swimming sperm for reproduction, antheridia and archegonia for gamete production, a low and sprawling growth habit, and the ability to dessicate and rehydrate with no ill effects. |
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Term
| As you stroll through a moist forest, what plant stage and what lineage of plant are you most likely to see? |
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Definition
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Term
| The fungi that we commonly know as mushrooms produce what kind of reproductive organ? |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: You will likely see algae growing independently on rocks in meadows. |
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Definition
| False - you will likely see independent algae as pink snow in the mountains, growing symbiotically as lichen, on moist rocks in ponds and lakes, and floating in seas and oceans. |
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Term
In the angiosperm lifecycle, put these events in order:
Division of diploid zygote
Pollen grain reaches a sporophyte
Fertilization
Production of a pollen tube |
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Definition
1. Pollen grain reaches a sporophyte
2. Production of a pollen tube
3. Fertilization
4. Division of a diploid zygote |
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Term
| Coniferous gymnosperms rely on this kind of pollination, so the plant produces a large amount of pollen to be dispersed over a large area. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and decomposition is what? |
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Definition
| Bacteria participating in the nitrogen cycle. |
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Term
| What kind of molecules act as electron acceptors during cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| Molecules with low potential energy. |
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Term
| Basidiomycetes are the only fungal group capable of synthesizing lignin peroxidases. What advantage does this create? |
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Definition
| This fungal group can break down tough lignin to get to the more useful cellulose. |
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Animals usually have more haploid cells than diploid cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fill in the blank: An evolutionary trend within plants is that the sporophyte generation becomes _______ and more independent of the gametophyte, and the gametophyte becomes _________ and more dependent on the sporophyte. |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Wolves of the Isle Royale show inbreeding depression. |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Edge size increases as patch size decreases. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name four useful economic aspects of fungi. |
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Definition
| Used to commercially flavour foods, are edible, produce alcohol via fermentation, and can produce antibiotics. |
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: All introduced species become invasive species. |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Biophilia is the human desire to interact with nature. |
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Definition
| True - and kind of creepy (and not in the textbook so don't worry, I just thought it was creepy). |
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Term
| In a lichen, the portion of the fungus that is involved directly in the symbiosis is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Only deuterostomes, and not protostomes, have the ability to form a blastopore. |
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Definition
| False - it is one of the few traits where they do not differ. |
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Term
| The terms "coelomate" or "pseudocoelomate" or "reduced coelomate" are used to describe what? |
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Definition
| The type of body cavity and animal has. |
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Term
| Bilateral symmetry is primarily advantageous because it allows the development of what? |
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Definition
| A specialized head and posterior. |
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Term
| You have found a prokaryote that can form colonies and produces oxygen. To what lineage does it likely belong? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a threatened species? |
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Definition
| A species that is likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future. |
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Term
| Movement corridors are harmful because? |
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Definition
| They allow for the spread of disease. However, they are also beneficial because they allow for gene flow. |
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