Term
| Darwin proposed this as the mechanism for evolution |
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Definition
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Term
| A characterstic that promotes success of a population is an |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Linneaus and Cuvier influnce Darwin? |
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Definition
| Species can be related by common characteristics |
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Term
| What type of rock are fossils found in, how is this rock formed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ideas did Darwin get from Hutton and Lyell |
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Definition
| If gradualism change occurs in Geology, it can also occur in Biology |
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Term
| How did Lamarcks hypothesis for evolution differ from Darwins |
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Definition
| Darwins insight of new traits may be acquired by a species, Lamarck was partially right with epigenetics |
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Term
| What was Malthus' influence on Darwin? |
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Definition
| Limited resource allows only some members to survive |
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Term
| Why were the Galapagos islands so significant? |
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Definition
| Each islands were isolated, lots of variation own unique verision of plants and animals |
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Term
| What was the reason for differences in Galapagos finch beaks? |
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Definition
| Variation in types of food they ate |
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Term
| How do numbers of extant species compare to extinct species? |
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Definition
| 99% of species that ever existed are extinct |
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Term
| How does Natural Selection work? |
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Definition
- All organisms over reproduce
- Population size remains stable
- Resources are limited
- Individual variations exist
- Much variation is heritable (survival depends on inherited traits, only most "fit"/best adapted to current condidtions)
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Term
| How is natural selection relevant to agriculture and medicine? |
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Definition
| Natural Selection is the evolution of incesticide resistant in insect populations and herbicicde tolerant weeds |
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Term
| Smilarities in body parts are |
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Definition
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Term
| An inherited structure no longer useful to an organism is |
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Definition
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Term
| Describes structures that are similar due to common ancestry |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the focus of evo-devo |
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Definition
| Developmental process; biology structures |
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Term
| Similarties in DNA and protein structures are |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are islands considered "Natures evolutionary labs"? |
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Definition
| Geographical distribution of species; biogeography |
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Term
| A fossil with characteristics from more than one extant group is a |
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Definition
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Term
| Natural selection works on ___, but ___ evolve |
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Definition
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Term
| A change in gene or allele frequencies in a population is |
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Definition
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Term
| All the genes/alleles in the population make up its |
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Definition
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Term
| What is true of allele frequencies in a population that in HW equilibrium |
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Definition
| Frequencies will remain constant (no significant change) |
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Term
| What can take a population out of HW equilibrium |
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Definition
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Term
| What becomes of p and q if a population is evolving |
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Definition
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Term
| What do p2 + 2pq + q2 represent? |
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Definition
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Term
| If 14% of Scots have red hair (recessive trait) what are frequencies of p and q? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are expected frequencies of homozygous dominants and heterozygotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is HW equilibrium rare in nature? |
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Definition
| Unchanging allele frequencies |
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Term
| How is genetic variation in a population created? |
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Definition
| mutation and sexual recombination |
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Term
| A hurricane happens to kill the only bird with a useful new adaptation, a reference to this mechanism of microevolution |
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Definition
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Term
| If that bird population was drastically reduced, that would be a __ event |
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Definition
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Term
| Assuming one of the earlier settlers of Scotland was a redhead, this effect explains high rate of red hair |
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Definition
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Term
| This microevolution mechanism has the ability to reduce variation |
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Definition
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Term
| What does it mean for an individual to be most "fit" in a population |
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Definition
| They leave more offspring |
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Term
| A characteristic that has more than one form in a populations is a |
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Definition
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Term
| What characterizes populations in a cline? |
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Definition
| Differences in geographic variation |
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Term
| A genotype tha tleaves 50% as many offspring as the most fit genotype has a relative fitness of |
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Definition
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Term
| Mice in a patchy dark light environment tend to be either dark or light with a few in between, this describes ___ selection |
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Definition
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Term
| Mice first moving onto new dark volcanic rock tend to develop dark coloration after a few generations, this describes __ selection |
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Definition
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Term
| Mice that continue living on dark volcanic rock tend to stay dark, this describes ___ selection |
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Definition
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Term
| Dry seasons select for what type of beak depth in ground finches? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does a population maintain genetic variation? |
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Definition
| Diploidy and balanced polymorphism |
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Term
| Sickle cell anemia carriers resist malaria infection, this is ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Species with different appearance of male and female show ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Competition for mates causes ___ selection, while mate choice implies ___ selection. |
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Definition
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Term
| Asexual reproduction from unfertilized egg is |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is asexual reproduction advantageous |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is asexual reproduction disadvantageous? |
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Definition
| No genetic variation, along with if a disease hits asexual offspring it will affect all and all will die out |
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Term
| change in gene frequencies in a population over time is |
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Definition
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Term
| Origin of new taxonomic groups |
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Definition
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Term
| Bird presumably evolved as a branch off the dinosaur lineage, this is __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Primitive whale Basilosaurus is thought to have evolved directly from Ambulocetus that became extinct, this is ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The main requirement for speciation to occur is |
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Definition
| reproductive isolation ( no gene flow ) |
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Term
| Female warblers only mate with males with the proper song |
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Definition
| Pre-zygotic; behavioral isolation |
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Term
| 2 wasp species have incompatible reproductive structures |
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Definition
| pre-zygotic; mechanical isolation |
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Term
| Horse and donkey produce a mule which in infertile |
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Definition
| post-zygotic; reduced hybrid fertility |
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Term
| sperm cells o fone lily species cant fertilize the egg cells of another |
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Definition
| pre-zygotic; gametic isolation |
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Term
| Tigers prefer jungles, while lions prefer open grassland |
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Definition
| pre-zygotic; habitat isolation |
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Term
| Related species of ragweed flower at different times |
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Definition
| pre-zygotic; temporal isolation |
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Term
| What types of oragnisms does the biological species concept not work for? |
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Definition
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Term
| There are different species of Drosophila fruit flies on the various Hawaiin islands, implying this type of speciation |
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Definition
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Term
| Haw flies were exclusive to hawthorn trees, but when apple trees were introduced to the same environment in America, a new apple fly species evolved, implying this type of speciation |
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Definition
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Term
| In macroevolution of many species, the fossil record shows rapid change followed by long periods of stability, this is __ |
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Definition
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Term
| When does most evolution occur in the divergence of a new species? |
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Definition
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Term
| All vertebrates have sutures between the bones of their skulls to allow for growth, but in young mammals these sutures have acquired an additional use easing birth by allowing the skull to compress as it passes through the birth canal. These sutures were an |
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Definition
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Term
| Fetal human and chimp skulls are nearly identical but take on different shapes due to differences in growth rates, this is |
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Definition
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Term
| A tree dwelling salamander has shorter feet due to a shortened developmental time, this is |
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Definition
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Term
| A juvenile trait in primates is a flatter face which us humans maintain into adulthood, this is |
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Definition
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Term
| Altering these types of developmental genes has the ability to reshape body parts and placements |
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Definition
| homeotic genes ( hox-genes) |
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Term
| Describes a gene that has same function in different species due to common ancestry, like beta globin gene in a human and a mouse |
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Definition
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Term
| Describes a duplicated gene that has a different function, but common ancestry, like the alpha and beta globin genes in humans and mice |
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Definition
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