Term
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Definition
| a structure of wound up DNA which carries hereditary material. |
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Term
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Definition
| The place where sister chromatids are joined |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosome copies which occur when a chromosome is replicated. |
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Term
| Define homologous chromosomes |
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Definition
| chromosomes which are similar in size, shape and gene content. They pair together. |
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Term
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Definition
| homologous chromosomes which are joined together |
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Term
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Definition
| having one of each type of chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| having two of each type of chromosome |
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Term
| What does it mean to be polyploid? |
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Definition
| To have more than two of each type of chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| It refers to the number of each type of chromosome present. |
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Term
| What is the principle of independent assortment? |
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Definition
| The idea that alleles of different genes are transmitted independently of one another. |
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Term
| What is the principle of segregation? |
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Definition
| The idea that each gamete only carries one allele for a certain trait because they are separated during meiosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| In a population, more than two phenotypes present. |
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Term
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Definition
| a similarity that exists between two species that descended from a common ancestor. |
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Term
| What is a vestigial trait? |
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Definition
| A bodily structure which has little or no function but is similar to a bodily structure in another species. |
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Term
| List the two condensed points of Darwin's four postulates of natural selection. |
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Definition
| 1. heritable variation leads to 2. differential success in survival and reproduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| random changes in allele frequencies. Most important in small populations |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of alleles between populations and the decrease of variation between populations. |
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Term
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Definition
| New alleles are produced due to accidental changes in the genetic code. |
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Term
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Definition
| Traits which differ between males and females. e.g. male lions have manes and females don't. |
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Term
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Definition
| the splitting event that creates two or more distinct species from a single ancestral group. |
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Term
| What is temporal isolation? |
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Definition
| When populations are isolated because they breed at different times, thus they never interbreed. |
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Term
| What is habitat isolation? |
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Definition
| populations are isolated because they breed in different habitats. |
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Term
| What is behavioral isolation? |
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Definition
| Populations do not interbreed because they have different courtship rituals that aren't compatible with each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| The gametes of two species will not combine, resulting in no offspring. |
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Term
| What is mechanical isolation? |
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Definition
| When the genitals of the species do not fit together, so they cannot mate. |
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Term
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Definition
| hybrid offspring do not develop, so they die as embryos. |
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Term
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Definition
| The hybrid offspring will grow to adulthood but will be sterile. |
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Term
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Definition
| populations or species which live close enough together to make interbreeding possible. |
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Term
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Definition
| traits that are similar but did not arise from common ancestry. |
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Term
| What is adaptive radiation? |
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Definition
| occurs when a single lineage produces many descendant species that live in a wide variety of habitats. |
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Term
| What is Net Primary Productivity? (NPP) |
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Definition
| The total amount of carbon fixed per year minus the amount of fixed carbon oxidized during cellular respiration. |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of female offspring produced by each female in the population. |
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Term
| What is a primary producer? |
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Definition
| An autotroph. For example, plants. |
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Term
| What is a primary consumer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a secondary consumer? |
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Definition
| Consumers which eat herbivores. |
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Term
| What is a primary decomposer? |
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Definition
| Those who eat dead plant and animal matter, such as bacteria. |
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Term
| Define Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) |
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Definition
| The total amount of photosynthesis in a given area and time period. |
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Term
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Definition
| The formation of an additional copy of a gene, typically by misalignment of chromosomes during crossing over. |
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Term
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Definition
| whenever three or more monophyletic groups of organisms are compared, and all but one of them are more closely related to each other than any single one of them is to the last, the latter group is known as the outgroup. |
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Term
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Definition
| Phenotypic interactions between alleles of different genes. Example: An allele causing baldness is epistatic to alleles of a different locus that determine hair colour (think of “epistatic to” as meaning “hides the effect of.”) |
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