Term
| the bacteriophages used in Alfred Hershey's and Martha Chase's experiments showed that: |
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Definition
| DNA was injected into bacteria |
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Term
| ________, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, shorten with every cell replication event |
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Definition
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Term
| cancer cells differ from noncancerous cells in that |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the following scientific teams published the first paper that described the structure of DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ are short segments that attach to the lagging strand by DNA ligase during DNA replication |
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Definition
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Term
| a nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components |
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Definition
| nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar |
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Term
| in semiconservative DNA replication, each new double helix formed will have: |
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Definition
| one new and one old strand in each helix |
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Term
| the enzyme that adds nucleotides to a new strand of DNA, using the old strand as a pattern is called |
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Definition
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Term
| if one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, the corresponding strand would be |
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Definition
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Term
| RNA differs from DNA in all the following except: |
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Definition
| RNA is a larger molecule than DNA |
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Term
| irritation of transcription requires |
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Definition
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Term
| the two molecules that alternate to form the backbone of a polynucleotide chain are: |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the following lists the correct order of polypeptide synthesis |
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Definition
| initiation, elongation, termination |
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Term
| a mutation that replaces one amino acid in a protein with another is called a _____ mutation |
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Definition
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Term
| RNA splicing involves the |
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Definition
| removal of introns from the molecule |
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Term
| experiments have demostrated that the "words" of the genetic code (the units that specify amino acids) are |
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Definition
| three-nucleotide sequences |
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Term
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Definition
| start a polypeptide chain here |
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Term
| the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called |
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Definition
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Term
| the type of RNA that carries the information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the following is the enzyme that HIV uses to synthesize DNA on an RNA template |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the following sequences best describes the flow of information that takes place when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component |
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Definition
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Term
| segments of eukaryotic DNA that are able to move from one site to another in the genome are called |
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Definition
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Term
| ______used x-ray diffraction to provide images of DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the following mutations is more likely to have disastrous effects |
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Definition
| base insertions or deletions |
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Term
| where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells |
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Definition
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Term
| the coding regions of a gene(the portions that are expressed as polypeptide sequences) are called |
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Definition
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Term
| the term gene expression refers t o the |
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Definition
| process by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins |
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Term
| adenine forms a complementary pair with______in RNA and _______in DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| the codon is found in the |
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Definition
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Term
| genes that encode proteins that are always needed are called |
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Definition
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Term
| the operator of the lactose operon in E. coli is located: |
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Definition
| between the promoter and the structural genes |
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Term
| the molecular switch that controls gene expression is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| in the tryptophan operon, the repressor protein binds to the operator when: |
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Definition
| trytophan binds to an allosteric site on the repressor |
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Term
| the information carried by DNA is incorporated in a code specified by the: |
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Definition
| specific nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule |
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Term
| bacterial gene regulation occurs mainly at the_____level |
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Definition
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Term
| densely staining regions of highly compacted chromatin that are generally not transcribed are: |
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Definition
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Term
| a TATA box is seen in________cells and is the site where_______ |
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Definition
| eukaryotic; RNA polymerase binds |
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Term
| gene amplification involves |
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Definition
| extra replication of genes that specify a certain gene product only in cells needing this product |
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Term
| in eukaryotes, some DNA sequences act as introns in some cells and is exons in other cells. this is an example of _________ |
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Definition
| differential mRNA processing |
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Term
| proteins that bind to DNA and turn on operons by making it easier for RNA polymerase to bind to a promoter are called |
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Definition
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Term
| both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells use which of the following to turn certain genes on or off |
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Definition
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Term
| in a prokaryote, a gorup of genes with related functions, along with their associated control sequences, define a(n) |
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Definition
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Term
| RNA polymerase binds to which of the following |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the following is an explanation of why a single gene may code for more than one polypeptide |
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Definition
| alternative (RNA) splicing |
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Term
| hydrogen bonds can form between guanine and ______, and between adenine and _______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sites located far away from the promoter that help control eukaryotic transcription |
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Term
| two chains of DNA must run in______direction(s) and must be_______if they are to bond with each other |
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Definition
| antiparallel; complementary |
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Term
| the final product of DNA replication is |
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Definition
| two DNA molecules, each of which contains one new and one old DNA strand |
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Term
| the DNA strand that is replicated smoothly and continuously is called the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| how are the chromosomes of a eukaryote cell replicated |
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Definition
| the linear DNA molecules are replicated from multiple origins of replication bidirectionally |
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