Term
| light and electron microscope |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| magnification, resolution and contrast |
|
Definition
| three qualities in microscopes |
|
|
Term
1. all living things are composed of 1 or more cells
2. cells are smallest unit of living organisms
3. new cells come from existing cells through cell division |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transmission Electron Microscopy |
|
Definition
| Microscopy in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a chemically treated sample that has been hardened into a resin block and sliced into very thin sections. Stained with a heavy metal and adhered to a copper grid. The electrons that pass through form an image. |
|
|
Term
| Transmission Electron Microscope |
|
Definition
| Has the best resolution of any microscope. |
|
|
Term
| Scanning Electron Microscopy |
|
Definition
| Provides a 3-D image by using an electron beam to expose a sample coated with a thin layer of gold or palladium. The electrons that are scattered from the surface of the sample are detected and create the image. |
|
|
Term
1. Matter
2. Energy
3. Organization
4. Information |
|
Definition
| Cell structure relies on what 4 things? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Simple structures that lack a nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Categories of Prokaryotes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Less common prokaryote that is usually found in extreme environments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most abundant prokaryote. Most are not harmful. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All other cells with a nucleus besides prokaryotes. |
|
|
Term
1. Protists
2. Fungi
3. Plants
4. Animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacteria: Prokaryote or Eukaryote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Archaea: Prokaryote or Eukaryote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fungi: Prokaryote or Eukaryote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plants: Prokaryote or Eukaryote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protists: Prokaryote or Eukaryote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animals: Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Subcellular structure/compartment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outside organelles but inside PM. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Makes up 50% of cell volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breakdown of molecules into smaller components. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Synthesis (building up) of cellular molecules and macromolecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process of polypeptide synthesis where gene information is translated/encoded into amino acid sequences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provides cell organization, shape and movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Network of 3 protein filaments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Long hollow cylinders with dynamic instability (growing/shortening phases). Composed of tubulin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The assembly of tubulin dimers creates a polarity in ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where growth of a microtubule takes place. |
|
|
Term
| Positive and Negative Ends |
|
Definition
| Where shortening of a microtubule takes place. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ropelike structure that function as tension bearing fibers that provide cell structure and stability. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| More stable than microtubules and actin filaments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Microfilaments -long thin fibers composed of 2 strands of actin monomers spiraled around each other. |
|
|
Term
| Actin Filaments/Mirofilaments |
|
Definition
| Thinnest of all Protein filaments. |
|
|
Term
| Actin Filaments/Microfilaments |
|
Definition
| Anchored in plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protein filament found inside the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in the centrosome/microtubule organizing center. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Use ATP to provide cell movement. |
|
|
Term
| ATP is hydrolized to cause hinge of motor protein to bend. |
|
Definition
| What causes motor proteins to move. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Domains of a motor protein. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Domain of motor protein where ATP binds and is hydrolized. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Part of motor protein that bends. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Part of motor protein that attaches to other proteins and cellular molecules. |
|
|
Term
| Motor proteins and cytoskeletal filaments. |
|
Definition
| Interact in Cilia and Flagella to produce movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structure of microtubules, core of cilium/flagellum, the motor protein dynein, and linking proteins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 single central microtubules
9 doubled outer microtubules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In flagella/cilia, dyneins cause a bend at the _____ first then activate the microtubules in the direction of the ____ . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organelle containing genes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Double membrane structure that encloses the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Form where the inner and outer nuclear membrane make contact with each other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provide a passageway for molecules going in and out of the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chromosomes and filamentous network of proteins that fills the nucleus with lamins, which help organize the chromosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where ribosome assembly occurs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Primary function is to protect, organize and express genes. |
|
|
Term
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
|
Definition
| Complicated network of fluid-filled flattened tubes or cisternae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis, sorting and glycosylation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Attachment of carbohydrates to proteins and lipids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Responsible for detoxification, carb metabolism, calcium balance, lipid synthesis and modification. Lacks ribosomes. |
|
|
Term
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not continuous with the ER |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Eukaryotes, stack of flattened membrane-bound compartments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where vesicles originate. |
|
|
Term
| Secretion, processing, and protein sorting. |
|
Definition
| Overlapping functions of the Golgi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transport materials between the stacks of the Golgi. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organelles that contain acid hydrolases that perform hydrolysis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Digest intracellular materials that are worn out through autophagosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specialized compartments for storage, cell-volume regulation and degradation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provide storage and support in plants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organelle prominent in fungi, protists and plant cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In protists and white blood cells for degradation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In protists for expelling excess water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provides a boundary between the cell and the extracellular environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involved in membrane transport, cell signaling and cell adhesion. |
|
|
Term
| Semiautonomous Organelles |
|
Definition
| Organelles that grow and divide to reproduce themselves, but depend on other parts of the cell. |
|
|
Term
| Mitochondria, Chloroplasts and Peroxisomes |
|
Definition
| Types of semiautonomous organelles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Primary role of mitochondria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can generate heat in brown fat cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How many mitochondria does a cell contain? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inner membrane of the mitochnodria fold in to form ______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Forms many flattened, fluid filled tubes that enclose a single compartment in chloroplast. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stack of thylakoid membranes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outside the thylakoid, but inside the inner membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Give plants red, yellow and orange color. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plastids that lack pigment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leucoplasts that synthesize and store starches. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organelle that catalzye certain chemical reactions, typically those that break down molecules by removing hydrogen or adding oxygen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contain an enzyme called catalase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzyme that breaks down H2O2 without forming dangerous free radicals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Includes everything inside the plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
| Nucleus, nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles and plasma membrane |
|
Definition
| Parts of the Endomembrane System |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Materials within the Nucleus are not part of the _____________. |
|
|
Term
| Endoplasmic Reticulum membrane |
|
Definition
| Outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with the _____________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Semiautonomous Organelle that lacks a genomic component. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to visualize a cellular structure based on how different it looks than adjacent structures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ratio between the size of an image produced by a microscope and its actual size. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to observe two adjacent objects as distinct from one another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Does not directly participate in translation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cilia and Flagella emanate from these structures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structural and motor proteins are not free to move relative to each other because of _______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The motor protein that moves along the structural proteins in cilia and flagella. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Required to contract a skeletal muscle. |
|
|
