Term
| What are the four major macromolecules? |
|
Definition
| Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, Nucleic Acid |
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|
Term
| What two monosaccharides make up sucrose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the chemical formula for monomer carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three monomer carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
| glucose, fructose, galactose |
|
|
Term
| What are the three disaccharides? |
|
Definition
| lactose, sucrose, maltose |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two monosaccharides make up sucrose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two monosaccharides make up maltose? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Nutrasweet is not a sugar, what is it? |
|
Definition
| Dipeptide which is a protein |
|
|
Term
| What are the four examples of polysaccharides? |
|
Definition
| starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin |
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|
Term
| What is another word for fat (comes from its components) |
|
Definition
| triglyceride (3 fatty acids plus glycerol make a polymer) |
|
|
Term
| hydrophobic tails + hydrophobic heads=? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| a wax monomer is made up of what? |
|
Definition
| 1 fatty acid and 1 alcohol |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| 3 six sided rings and 1 5 sided ring |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of steroids? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many different amino acids are there and how many can't be manufactured by your body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do amino acids consist of? |
|
Definition
| Carboxyl group, Amino group, and R group |
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|
Term
| Fibrous protein is made up mostly of which secondary structure? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a prion and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| misfolded protein, causes other proteins to misfold and cause the host to be unable to lysis-kills brain cells |
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|
Term
| What function of protein is exhibited by egg whites? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What function of protein is exhibited by lactate? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What function of protein is exhibited by collagen? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What function of protein is exhibited by growth? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In negative feedback what is the inhibitor? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Chlorophyll is what color |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What color are carotenoids? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the products of the Hill Reaction |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What three factors affect enzyme driven reactions? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What do monomers of DNA (Nucleotides) consist of? |
|
Definition
| Sugar, Phosphate group, nitrogenous bases |
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|
Term
| Where does the Calvin Cycle happen? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the product of the dark cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What reactants are necessary for the dark cycle? |
|
Definition
| 12 NADPH and 6 CO2 and 18 ATP |
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|
Term
| How does a C3 plant adapt to a dry climate? |
|
Definition
| closes off stomata to reduce water loss, O2 runs through the Calvin cycle to produce carbon. (ex sunflower) |
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|
Term
| How does a C4 plant adapt to a dry climate? |
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Definition
| CO2 is stored in one cell type and donates to a neighboring cell (ex corn) |
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Term
| How does a CAM plant adapt to a dry climate? |
|
Definition
| stomata closed during day, open at night to store CO2 (ex cactus) |
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Term
| What are the reverse goals of Aerobic respiration and photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| Aerobic: burn glucose; Photosynthesis:make glucose |
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|
Term
| What happens in Gap 1 (eukaryotic cell cycle)? |
|
Definition
| increased supply of organelles and cell grows in size. |
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|
Term
| When do chromosomes replicate? (Euk. cell cycle) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When is protein synthesized? (Euk. cell cycle) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens in prophase (mitosis)? |
|
Definition
-nucleoulus and nuclear envelope disappear
-DNA coils
-sister chromatids move towards the equator
-spindles form |
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|
Term
| What happens during metaphase (mitosis)? |
|
Definition
-nuclear envelope is gone
-Spindle complete
-chromatids lined up at equator |
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|
Term
| What happens during Anaphase (mitosis)? |
|
Definition
-sister chromatids separate
-spindles attached to chrom. shorten
-spindles attached to other spindle fibers |
|
|
Term
| What happens during telophase/cytokinesis (mitosis)? |
|
Definition
-DNA uncoils
-nuclear envelope and nucleoli reappear
-spindles disappear
-cytoplasm devides |
|
|
Term
| How does cytokinesis occur in plants? |
|
Definition
| vesicles with cell wall components beuild walls between two sides. |
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|
Term
| What proteins serve to check the cell cycle before mitosis can occur? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When can crossing over occur in meiosis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the number of combinations for a diploid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which case of aneuploidy is XXY? |
|
Definition
| Kleinfelter's, occurs in males, those affected are sterile. |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of those with XYY? |
|
Definition
| male, fertile, normal, "criminal genotype" |
|
|
Term
| What are the charac. associated with XO aneuploidy? |
|
Definition
| sterile, short and broad, female, Turner's syndrome. |
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|
Term
| What are the effects of XXX aneuploidy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the genotype of as tester (inheritance)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios for a cross btw two monohybrids? |
|
Definition
Genotypic: 1:2:1
Phenotypic: 3:1 |
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|
Term
| Huntingtons and Achodroplasia are examples of autosomal -------- disorders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the phenotypic ratio for a cross btw two dihybrids? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What did Fred Griffith's experiment with mice prove? |
|
Definition
| Genetic material could be transferred, and the material was either protein or DNA. |
|
|
Term
| What did Avery, MacLeod, McCarty's ecperiment prove about genetic material? |
|
Definition
determined that the material transferred in Griffith
's exp was DNA. |
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Term
| Briefly explain Hershey and Chase's experiment and what it proved. |
|
Definition
| labelled protein and DNA in 2 diff experiments and found that the transferred material was DNA. |
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|
Term
| What scientist discovered that the ratio between A and T and C and G were the same? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins discover about the shape of DNA using x-ray differentiation? |
|
Definition
| DNA was a helix of some sort. |
|
|
Term
| What did Watson and Crick discover about DNA? |
|
Definition
| the helix diameter was uniform, there were 2 helices, the bases were paired AT and GC |
|
|
Term
| How are the nitrogenous bases bonded? |
|
Definition
| 2 hydrogen bonds for A and T, 3 for C and G |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does DNA Polymerase do? |
|
Definition
| adds nucleotides to the growing daughter strand |
|
|
Term
| where does transcription occur in eukaryotes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the transcript transported to from the nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which anticodon signals the start fro mRNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which anticodons code for a stop on mRNA? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What were some of Buffon's ideas? |
|
Definition
| He had ideas about evolution such as species change over time but recanted when challenged by the church. |
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|
Term
| What geologists said the earth was over 6000 years old. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat did Cuvier say about evolution? |
|
Definition
| Earth was around longer than the Bible claimed, said God didn't think Moses needed to know. |
|
|
Term
| What were Jean Baptiste Lamarck's ideas? |
|
Definition
| Believed species changed over time. He believed that traits were acquired throughout a lifetime and passed on to offspring. |
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|
Term
| Who said that resources were limited and thus put a check on the population? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Who independently came up with the same theories as Darwin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When did these occur:
-beginning of earth
-prokaryotes
-oxygen produced
-eukaryotes |
|
Definition
-4.6 billion years ago
-3.5 billion ya
-2.7 bya
-2.2 bya |
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|
Term
| Where do monerans get DNA in transformation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens in transduction (monerans)? |
|
Definition
| a phage transfers DNA from one bacteria to another |
|
|
Term
| How is DNA transferred in conjugation? |
|
Definition
| direct transfer btw two bacteria cells. |
|
|
Term
| cyanobacteria produce what vital element? |
|
Definition
| oxygen (they also photosynthesize) |
|
|
Term
| E. coli and Rocky Mtn. Spotted fever are examples of what group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The endosymbiosis theory says cyanobacteria became what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lynn Margulis' theory says aerobic proteobacteria became what? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Flagellates such as Giardia (diarrhea) and Trypanosoma are examples of what protist? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amoebas are an example of what protist group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plasmodium, which causes malarian is part of apicomplexans which use an apex to enter host cells. What group of protists are apicomplexans a part of? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Paramecium, a free living example of ciliates, is part of which protist group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Slug like slime molds are what kind? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| amoeboid like slime molds are what kind? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What unicellular algae causes red tides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which unicellular algae is referred to as nature's marbles? |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mosses are an example of what kind of plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ferns are an example of what kind of plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are gymnosperms (ex: pine tree)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for seeded flowering plants? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Where do haploid spore cells that become eggs exist (angiosperms)? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The haploid spores that produce sperm are located where? (angiosperms) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does fertilization occur? (angiosperm) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A seed develops from each _______. (angiosperms) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when seeds germinate (angiosperms) they become what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two cell types for sponges? |
|
Definition
| choanocyte and amoebocyte |
|
|
Term
| Jellyfish, hydras, corals, and anemones are part of what phylum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many tissue layers do cnidarians have? |
|
Definition
| two: ectoderm and endoderm |
|
|
Term
| Flatworms are part of what phylum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Platyhelminthes come in what three diverse forms? |
|
Definition
| free living planarians, flukes, and tapeworms |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for nematoda? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rasping organ for eating in mollusks. |
|
|
Term
| polychaetes are part of what phylum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phylum are crustaceans and insects part of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do echinodermata organisms get their name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lancelets and tunicates are in which phylum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where might you find simple squamous epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where can simple cuboidal epthelial tissue be found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a place you'd find simple columnar epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where might you find stratified squamous? |
|
Definition
| places of high abrasion such as esophagus and skin |
|
|
Term
| What does the pancreas do? |
|
Definition
| secretes enzymes to digest fat and neutralize pH |
|
|
Term
| What does the liver secrete? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the order of development for sperm development? |
|
Definition
| Spermatagonium (diploid) -> primary spermatocyte (tetrad) ->secondary spermatocyte -> spermatid (haploid) -> sperm |
|
|
Term
| Where are mature sperm stored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the order of development for oogenesis? |
|
Definition
| Oogonium (diploid) -> primary oocyte ->secondary oocyte -> egg |
|
|
Term
| What secretes estrogen and progesterone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat gland releases LH and FSH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat peaks to cause rupture of follicle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormone does an embryo secrete? |
|
Definition
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