Term
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Definition
| Individuals that can successfully interbreed |
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Term
| Coral snake Vs. Milk Snake |
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Definition
Coral snake very poisonous
Milk snake not as poisonous
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Definition
| Bred for pets with colors of milk snake. Even though they are phenotypically different, they can be the same species. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Individuals (frogs) get separated by there location |
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Definition
| Species living in the same place but mating timing is off |
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Definition
| Reproductive parts don't fit, sperm and egg won't fertilize |
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Definition
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Definition
| New species forms in a different location |
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Definition
| New species forms in the same location of original |
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Definition
| Kaibab Squirrel (north rim) and Abert Squirrel (south rim) cannot mate |
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Definition
| Apples and Hawthorns (same orchards where flies attacked) |
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Definition
| Extra chromosomes can lead to speciation |
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Term
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Definition
| Pattern of speciation, horseshoe crab where one specie becomes aother |
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Definition
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Definition
| Medium ground finch, searchers arrived in 1977 after drought, there were only 90 survivors of the 751. Survivors had better beaks for larger seeds. |
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Term
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Definition
| A dramatic change (an example is the asteroid with the dinosaurs, Tsunamis, Volcanoes) |
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Term
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Definition
| A slower change that impacts species |
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Term
| Everbearing Strawberries (Wild Genes) |
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Definition
| Altered to produce fruit spring through fall, they used to never produce longer than a few weeks. Researchers bred old strawbs with wild straws which made them everbearing |
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Term
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Definition
| Has extract that can kill cancer cells in the bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| HIV cure. Researchers tested extract from bark, found resistance to HIV. Lost the tree, searched for another and found in the zoo. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 10 thousand species/ year |
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Term
| Primary cause of extinctions |
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Definition
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Term
Introduced species Vs Endemic (native Species)
Rufous hare wallaby |
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Definition
| 400 left, humans brought dogs cats and foxes (predators), sheep also ate their food |
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Term
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Definition
Less than 40 left
Unregulated hunting and collecting |
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Term
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Definition
| Possibly being over decimated |
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Term
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Definition
| Unregulated collecting for pet trade |
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Term
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Definition
Hunt prairie dogs, homes were disrupting soil so humans shot them
re bred and are being re introduced to the wild |
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Term
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Definition
Insecticide to get rid of mosquitos
Sprayed into aquatic places and affected other species
bird eggs got so soft that they squished them when they sat on them, when DDT stopped bald eagles got to over 100,000 in count. |
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Term
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Definition
| If species become listed, habitats become a priority |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlisted in endangered specie act, lays eggs directly on sand, about 2600 pairs left |
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Term
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Definition
The florida panther
Is collared and can't be bred in captivity
mostly hit by cars |
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Term
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Definition
| Federal Government funds schooling to raise awareness on endangered species |
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Term
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Definition
| Whooping crane, dropped to 50 now at 500 |
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Term
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Definition
Human like species
~5.5 MYA |
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Term
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Definition
| Walking upright on two feet |
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Term
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Definition
| Existed 1.5 years ago (fossilized skeleton) |
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Term
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Definition
Walking upright -> Ardipicicus
Small, 3.5-4 feet
Kanine Teeth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stone tools were found in Africa |
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Term
Hominin Evolution
1.5 MYA |
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Definition
| Large hand axes, shelters |
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Term
Hominin evolution
500 TYA |
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Definition
| Better tools, social cooperation, larger groups of individuals going together |
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Term
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Definition
Evidence of the modern mind
Neanderthals basically gone
Paintings, jewelry and burials
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Term
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Definition
As recent as 12 TYA
Species was tiny, 3 feet in height
physical features similar to homo erectus |
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Term
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Definition
| Explaining behaviors in an evolutionary context |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to control infants and the root of language |
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Term
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Definition
| a species that harms another species |
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Term
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Definition
| Steal nutrients, can migrate |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Produces toxins to harm cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How serious are parasites? |
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Definition
| Cause 1/3 of human deaths |
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Term
| Reported causes of Human Deaths |
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Definition
-Respiratory infections
-HIV/AIDS
-Diarrheal Diseases
-Tuberculosis
-Malaria |
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Term
Mutations that benfit host
Rhinovirus |
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Definition
| People with excess protein can confuse this virus |
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Term
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Definition
Small number of people exposed to this virus don't get aids
-Humans with two CCR5 alleles resist HIV |
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Term
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Definition
Fecal matter in water causes this
-Cystic fibrosis allele carriers (Heterzygotes) lose less fluid |
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Term
| Plasmodium- Malaria Protist |
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Definition
People with increased nitric oxide in blood reduces parasite
sickle cell allele carriers may resist parasite |
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Term
| Ascaris- Intestinal Roundworm |
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Definition
Human defense: digestive enzymes kill worm
Parasite Change: Fewer deadly migrators
HUMANS AND PARASITES CO EVOLVING! |
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Term
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Definition
| An individuals chance of leaving offspring compared to other individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| impact fitness, what animal does while interacting with environment |
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Term
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Definition
Use INNATE behavior to migrate
Learned behavior is where to migrate (different places in africa) |
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Term
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Definition
males develop red bellys
-collect algae and create a hut
-dance for female fish
Innate= males attack anything with red belly
Learned= Creating algae hut |
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Term
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Definition
| An automatic response to a specific stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
A series of fixed reflex responses
ex. Gulls feeding babies by regurgitating food
Yawning is a modal action pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| Internal Stimulus is promoting behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning during sensitive period of time |
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Term
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Definition
Learning to ignore certain stimuli
Ex. Chicks crouch when hawk shadow flies over, ignore when goose |
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Term
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Definition
Relating one stimulus to another
ex. bell gets dog to salivate for food
ex. toad feed bees/ pleasent food |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning while focused on other activities |
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Term
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Definition
| Using prior knowledge in a new situation |
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Term
| Factors that impact fitness |
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Definition
1. Territory
2.Males
3.Food |
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Term
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Definition
Reduce conflict
Ex. Bullhead catfish fights off intruders from his family |
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Term
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Definition
Can be simple or elaborate
ex. Garter snakes: hide in caves during winter and mate in thousands
ex. Dance flies: wrap prey in silk ball and offer to female. Some cheat and wrap up balls of air, mate with female and leave her |
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Term
| Optimizing food resources |
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Definition
animals attempt
Example: Packrats live in harsh environments so they chew on anything. Poop out carmel looking balls and humans ate them |
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Term
| Behaviors that minimize disease |
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Definition
Bathing and Cleaning
ex. Birds use certain types of leaves in nests to lesson amount of mites (carrot leaves vs dead leaves) |
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Term
| Potential prey defense behaviors |
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Definition
1st reflex: Flight/Flee
2nd reflex: freeze/hide
3rd reflex: fight
ex. Ground squirrel can kill snake if it feels threatened by banging its head |
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Term
| social behaviors impact fitness |
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Definition
Ex. Meadow Vole
-Many mates, very promiscious
-Distant relative is Praire vole (monogamous)
-praire voles have active suppresor gene same as humans for monogamy |
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Term
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Definition
Increases fitness
ex. Reptiles and fish watch over young |
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Term
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Definition
| Fitness that includes the reproductive success of relatives |
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Term
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Definition
Organisms sacrifice resources for one another
ex. Vampire bats feed other bats not even related to eachother
Problem?= Cheating
Solution= Reciprocal altruism only found in species with long term relationships with eachother |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Where you identify what shapes would look like from a different angle |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to varie communication (different tones of message) |
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Term
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Definition
| Knowing where body is and being able to control body movements |
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Term
| Intrapersonal Intelligence |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Knowing and understanding yourself |
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Term
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Definition
Can use sign language and put small sentences together on computer
Liked a kitten and it died and she expressed how sad she was |
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Term
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Definition
Intelligence linked to protein changes in the brain
Lobes of captive were larger than ones in the wild |
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Term
Human Behavior
Brain Malformation |
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Definition
| Some individuals have different brain shape, can be genetic, trauma to brain or pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| Studies with identical twins that were separated and put into different environments |
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Term
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Definition
| Has genes that turn on and off releasing hormones |
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Term
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Definition
Athletes on east coast are already starting to become tired at 9 pm, while west coast is wide awake at 6 pm
(Relates to circadium rythms) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
111 on chromosome 21. Live a long time but have personality defects
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Term
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Definition
May link to problems during Meiosis
Deletions and duplications of DNA
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Term
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Definition
Possibly polygenic?
related to protein |
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Term
| How do pollutants impact DNA? |
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Definition
Herbicide atrazine
added to frog embryos, changed them from males to females
May alter gene expression, increase enzyme that transforms testosterone to estrogen
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Term
| Genetic link between coffee and disease |
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Definition
May slow fetal growth
Reduces nutrient absorption
Varied adult responses to caffeine may be genetic |
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Term
| Who owns the Human Genome |
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Definition
BRCA genes tumor suppressor genes
Myriad corporation owns patent in BRCA (breast cancer) genes and tests
Test lets you know if you are more likely to get breast cancer
Gene patent should stay so they can fund more research |
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Term
| Were Neatherthals like us? (Homo sapians) |
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Definition
had similar FOX P2 Gene language
Relates to ability to vocalize and have it to have complex meaning
Neantherthals have this gene so we know they had vocal language
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Term
| Why are human brains so complex |
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Definition
Mutations in gene that shapes brain and in gene responsible for brain chemicals
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Term
| Current status of 2009 H1N1 flu |
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Definition
Extensive spread, anti viral drugs most effective
over 250 cases where victims had resistance against anti virals
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Term
| Differences between dogs and cats |
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Definition
dogs= hunt in packs, top predators
cats= hunt individually, not top predators |
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