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| Term specifically relating to the extra books, in addition to the 66 books of the traditional canon of the Bible. |
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| An authoritative collection of books accepted as the rule of faith and practice. |
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| Process through which the Bible was written: God was Scripture's ultimate author who allowed human writers the freedom to express their own personalities as they wrote, but the Holy Spirit guided the process to accurately portray the meaning God intended. |
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| Faithful conveyance of the Scriptures as passed on and handed down from generation to generation. |
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| Originally meant "Law". Also means the first five books of the Old Testament. Hebrew version of the Greek Pentateuch. |
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| A Semitic language, closely resembling Hebrew in which a few portions of the Old Testament were written. |
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| In the same language family as Hebrew, it was the Language of the Assyrians and the Babylonians. |
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| In the same language family as Hebrew, It was a language used by the Phoenicians, a prosperous people who lived in coastal regions. |
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| One of the oldest and most reliable Hebrew manuscripts available. |
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| A reliable, but incomplete version of the Old Testament found in a cave at Qumran in 1947. |
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| Translation of the Old Testament into Greek. |
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| Term used for the first five books of the Bible. Greek version of the Hebrew Torah. |
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| Science of interpreting the Bible by applying time-tested principles to draw out the biblical text's intended message. |
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| Grammatical-Historical Method |
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| An interpretation that seeks to find the basic or plain meaning of a text. |
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| Area of rich soil joining the three geographical subregions of the Ancient Near East: Mesopotamia, Syria-Palestine, and Egypt. |
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| Writing system invented by the Sumerians using wedge-like shapes pressed into wet clay or inscribed on stone or metal. |
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| Term for the earliest Egyptian writing system based on pictographic images relying on representations of common objects and geometric symbols. |
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| Refers to an international road running along the Levant coast. |
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| Latin translation of the Bible written by Jerome in about AD 400. |
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| Hebrew term describing a legal binding relationship between human partners or between God and humans. |
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| A term referring to Egypt during the time of Moses and the Exodus. |
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| Any language used as a trade or communication medium by people of different language groups, such as Akkadian, Aramaic, and Greek. |
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| Nearly 400 letters written to Amenhotep III and IV in Akkadian. |
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| Groups of people who arrived in Ancient Near East via ships and played a major role in ancient history. |
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| Worship of Yahweh, the one true God, who made his covenant with Israel. |
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| Baal-worshipping religion of the Canaanites with which the Hebrew faith experienced significant conflicts. |
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