Term
| What are the two adaptations of muscle tissue? |
|
Definition
| Contraction and conductivity |
|
|
Term
| What cell type transforms chemically stored energy into mechanical work? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How do muscle cells get nutrients and oxygen, and eliminate waste? |
|
Definition
| BVs in the associated CT, binds to muscle cells to provide harness for their pull |
|
|
Term
| Where are the nerves for muscle tissues located? |
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Definition
| They are also in the associated CT |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What surrounds every muscle fiber? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cytoplasm of the sarcolemma called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What elements are within the sarcoplasm? |
|
Definition
| Myofilaments (cytoplasmic contractile elements) |
|
|
Term
| What muscle tissues are NOT derived from mesoderm? |
|
Definition
| Iris muscle and myoepithelial muscles (both ectoderm) |
|
|
Term
| What are the cylindrical bundles of thick and thin myofilaments of skeletal muscle called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the units of contraction in skeletal muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the cells of the tendon look like? |
|
Definition
Fibroblasts or fibrocytes that occur in rows, squeezed between thick collagen fibers
-only flattened nuclei show well |
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|
Term
| What is a unique feature of the skeletal muscle of the tongue? |
|
Definition
| Muscle fasicles are cut in different planes |
|
|
Term
| What CT surrounds each muscle fasicle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What CT surrounds individual muscle fibers? |
|
Definition
| Endomysium (loose areolar CT) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lower portion is cs skeletal muscle
Top: DRCT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Top: DRCT
Bottom: Skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
| What CT surround the whole muscle group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is smooth muscle found? |
|
Definition
-walls of ducts, BVs, LVs
-walls of tracts (digestive, respiratory)
-iris
-skin
-endocardium
-scrotum
-penis
-nipple |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 layers of smooth muscle found in the colon in the outermost part of the acidophilic (pink) region? |
|
Definition
1) Inner longitudinal section
2) outer cross section |
|
|
Term
| The thin layer of smooth muscle under the basophilic region (mucosa) in the colon is called the __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Top (white): DICT
Middle (black): muscularis mucosae
Bottom (white): epithelial |
|
|
Term
| What 4 things comprise the CNS? |
|
Definition
1) Nerve cells (cell bodies, dendrites, and axons of neurons)
2) Supporting cells, the neuroglia
3) Meninges
4) BVs |
|
|
Term
| What are the supporting cells/neuroglia of the CNS? |
|
Definition
1)oligodendroglia
2)astrocytes
3)microglia |
|
|
Term
| From inside to outside, what are the layers of the meninges? |
|
Definition
Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater |
|
|
Term
| What 5 things comprise the PNS? |
|
Definition
1) Neurons (ganglia)
2) Supporting cells
3) Schwann cells
4) CT elements
5) BVs |
|
|
Term
| What are the supporting cells of the PNS? |
|
Definition
| Satellite cells, associated with PNS neurons |
|
|
Term
| What cells form the myelin sheath? Where does this occur? |
|
Definition
| Schwann cells, axons of the PNS |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 CT elements of the PNS? |
|
Definition
| Endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium |
|
|
Term
| What are the specialized characteristics of the neuron? |
|
Definition
| specialization for excitability and conductivity |
|
|
Term
| WHat are the CT elements of the CNS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs through the CT elements of both the CNS and PNS? |
|
Definition
| Exchange of gass, nutrients, metabolic products btwn neurons and BVs |
|
|
Term
| What are macrophages in the CNS called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are macrophages in the PNS called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is located in the ventral horn? |
|
Definition
| Cell bodies of motor neurons |
|
|
Term
| What is located in the white matter? |
|
Definition
| CNS glial cells (oligodendroglia mostly), axons with myelin sheath |
|
|
Term
| Are cell bodies larger in the anterior or posterior horn? |
|
Definition
| Anterior (motor neuron cell bodies/perikarya) |
|
|
Term
| What is the white matter of the cerebellum called? |
|
Definition
| Medulla (outermost layer of cerebellum) *locate the meninges*** |
|
|
Term
| WHat is the gray matter of the cerebellum called? |
|
Definition
| Cortex (molecular layer + granular layer) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 layers of the cerebellar cortex? |
|
Definition
1) molecular layer = outer, lighter layer
2) granular layer = inner, darker layer |
|
|
Term
| What comprises most of the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What comprises most of the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the large, flask-shaped cells aligned in a row in the cortex, between the 2 layers called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Purkinje cells between molecular and granular layer of cerebellar cortex (gray matter) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PNS nerve (peripheral ganglion) |
|
|
Term
| What is the collection of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What encapsulates each peripheral ganglion cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are pregangionic axons myelinated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are postganglionic axons myelinated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the system of intrinsic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat is the structure located between the 2 smooth muscle layers of the colon called? |
|
Definition
| Myenteric Plexus of Auerbach |
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