Term
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Definition
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Cardiovascular System
Pulmonary System
Nervous System |
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Term
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Definition
| articulation that occurs when two bones join together |
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Term
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Definition
| tissues that connect bone to bone |
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Term
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Definition
| tissues that connect muscle to bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| movement of a joint which is determined by the joint's ROM |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of the skeletal system to absorb shock and withstand motion without injury to joints and tissues |
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Term
| common joints in exercise |
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Definition
ball and socket (hip)
hinge (knee)
pivot (atlas or axis-neck)
condyloid (wrist/ankle)
gliding (vertebra) |
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Term
| Functions of the Skeletal System |
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Definition
Protects the vital organs and tissues within the body
Supports the tissue
Provides a link for muscles to produce a system of movement |
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Term
| Functions of the Muscular System |
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Definition
Contraction: Shortens the muscle
Elongation: Straightening or lengthening of a muscle
Relaxation: No tension, no contraction, muscle is lengthened
Elasticity: Return to original form after stretching |
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Term
| Functions of the Cardiovascular System |
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Definition
Supplies energy needed by the muscles, nerves, and brain to produce movement
Supplies energy so the muscles, nerves, and brain can control movement |
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Term
| Functions of the Respiratory/Pulmonary System |
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Definition
Fills the blood with oxygen
Gives off carbon dioxide to the atmosphere |
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Term
| Functions of the Nervous System |
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Definition
| Controls all functions of the human body |
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Term
| Definition of Physical Fitness |
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Definition
Endurance or stamina to withstand the physical and emotional stresses of daily life
Being able to meet emergency demands of life
Ability to perform physical work
Being able to perform daily tasks with vigor and alertness |
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Term
| Fitness Components (Health-Related) |
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Definition
Cardiovascular Fitness
Flexibility
Muscular Endurance
Strength
Body Composition |
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Term
| Skill-Related Fitness Components |
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Definition
Agility
Balance
Coordination
Power
Reaction Time
Speed |
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Term
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Definition
Means "with oxygen"
The way the body utilizes oxygen when performing continuous, vigorous movement
Any activity that makes a person breathe hard for at least 20 continuous minutes |
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Term
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Definition
Means "without Oxygen"
Activities that require short breaths (short bursts of energy/less oxygen) during movement |
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Term
| Rapid Results of Exercise |
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Definition
Energy boost
Improved mental fitness
Less depression
Greater stamina
Better sleep
Appetite decline |
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Term
| Long Range Results of Exercise |
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Definition
Increase in size/weight of heart-more blood pumped/less work load
Slower resting heart rate-faster recovery from exercise
Oxygen is used more efficiently-stronger lungs
Increase in blood volume-more red blood cells and hemoglobin
Increase in size of arteries and number of capillaries-better delivery of oxygen and removal of waste from the muscles
Better fat/muscle ratio
Toned and trimmed skeletal muscle system
More calories burned
Fat is burned more efficiently
Regular exercise can boost HDL-gets rid of cholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
Fats, Oils, and Sweets
Milk, Yogurt, and Cheese
Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs, Nuts
Vegetables
Fruits
Bread, Cereal, Rice, and Pasta |
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Term
| Nutrients Provided by Protein |
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Definition
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Term
| Nutrients Provided by Carbohydrates |
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Definition
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Term
| Nutrients Provided by Fats |
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Definition
| energy, regulates body heat, synthesis of vitamins |
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Term
| Nutrients Provided by Vitamins |
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Definition
| growth, maintenance, reproduction, and repair |
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Term
| Nutrients Provided by Minerals |
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Definition
| control agents in body reactions |
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Term
| Nutrients Provided by Fiber |
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Definition
| bulk agent-elimination, decrease absorption of cholesterol |
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Term
| Nutrients Provided by Water |
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Definition
| structure: form of body, liquid for cell processes, regulates body temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| unit of measure used to describe the energy produced by food when oxidized in the body |
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Term
| Calories derived from 1 gram of fat |
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Definition
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Term
| Calories derived from 1 gram of carbohydrates |
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Definition
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Term
| Calories derived from 1 gram of protein |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| needed for body heat, digestion of food, and daily activities |
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Term
| Definition of Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) |
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Definition
| energy requirements necessary to maintain life processes |
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Term
| Facts about Basal Metabolic Rate |
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Definition
BMR is greater for tall people
BMR of muscular people is 5% greater than BMR of fat people
BMR of women is 5-10% lower than men
BMR is influenced by age, amount of sleep, function of endocrine glands, nutrition, and fever
Crash dieting can upset BMR |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to percentage of muscle, fat, bone, and tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| minimum amount of fat in body necessary to maintain healthful living-needed for cells, brain, heart, spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
Energy used by the muscles
Protection for the organs and bones
Insulation from cold and heat |
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Term
| Recommended Body Fat Percentages |
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Definition
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Term
| Ways to Measure Percent Body Fat |
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Definition
There is no perfect method.
Three Step Method-tape measure
Kilogram/Centimeter Formula-tape measure
Skinfold Caliper-use pincher type instrument
Hydrostatic Weighing-underwater weighing tank
Electrodes-hospital lab |
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Term
| Three times in life you gain fat cells |
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Definition
3rd trimester of pregnancy
year 1
adolescence |
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Term
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Definition
| Weight x activity level = calories needed to stay that weight |
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Term
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Definition
Needed for body heat, digestion of food, and daily activities
The more active we are, the more calories we use
Using more calories than we obtain from our energy output means metabolizing our body fat which results in weight loss
Taking in more calories than we put out and not having the demand on our energy supply means our body stores calories in the form of fat which results in weight gain |
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Term
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Definition
A decrease in water intake will cause fat deposits to increase
An increase in water intake can reduce fat deposits
Kidneys cannot function properly without water = less metabolism of fat
Treats fluid retention-to get rid of excess water you must drink more water
Gets rid of unneeded salt
To maintain proper muscle tone
Prevents dehydration
Prevents sagging skin
Helps to rid body of waste |
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Term
| Rules to Consider for Drinking Water |
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Definition
Without exercise-drink 8 8 oz glasses/day
With exercise-for every 15 min exercise, add 8.5 oz
An overweight person needs one additional glass for every 25 pounds of excess weight
Increase amount if you exercise or weather is hot and dry
Drink cold water-the body absorbs in faster, and there is some evidence that is can help burn calories
Schedule drinking throughout the day using about 30 min periods |
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Term
| Benefits of Aerobic Dance/Exercise |
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Definition
Trains and strengthens the heart and lungs
Tones, trims, and firms the skeletal muscle system
Better circulation to brain which helps better thinking
Release for depression and tension
Increases agility, balance, coordination, and flexibility
Helps regulate hunger
Helps burn calories faster
Helps to prevent diseases and syndromes caused by aging and ways of life |
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