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Definition
| Area of land influenced by sea, or vice versa. -width varies |
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Definition
Underwater edge of a continent, includes the continental shelf, slope, & rise.
-image in powerpoint slide #3 |
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Definition
Area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a seacoast and separated from the interior by other features.
-sedimentary rocks, dip gently seaward. |
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Definition
Shallow seaward-sloping platform that is part of the continent, extending from the shoreline to the continental rise.
-image in powerpoint slide #3 |
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Definition
Relatively steeply dipping portion of the contienental margin, seaward of the continental shelf, extending to the continental rise.
-image in powerpoint slide #3 |
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Term
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Definition
Wedge of sediment desposited at the base of the continental slope, mostly by sediment gravity flows.
-image in powerpoint slide #3 |
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Definition
| Marks area where an upland region and a coastal plain meet. |
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Definition
Recognizable feature on Earth’s surface
with definable shape, made by nature.
-ex. mountains, valleys
-all natural features |
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Definition
| Mutual co-adjustment of coastal landforms and coastal processes. |
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Definition
| Low-lying area of land near a river mouth, created by deposits from the river. |
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Definition
Semi-enclosed coastal body of water with its salidity influenced from land.
-not much sediment |
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Term
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Definition
Steep sided cliff - made of ROCK
-does not provide much sediment |
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Term
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Definition
Cliff made of UNCONSOLODATED material, erodes fairly easily.
-important source of sediment |
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Term
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Definition
Deposit of unconsolodated sediment, ranging from boulders to sand, FORMED BY WAVE and wind processes along the coast
-extends from the base of the dunes, cliff face, or change in physiography, seaward to the low-tide line |
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Term
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Definition
Stand alone islands of sand
-very common
-protects and parallels the mainland
-often occur in chains |
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Definition
| Small rocks, large particle size compared to sand and mud. |
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Definition
| Tiny particles of rocks, slightly bigger than mud particles. |
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Term
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Definition
Made of silt, clay, water, and other materials.
-smaller particles than sand |
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Definition
| Beach that connects land to a rocky island. |
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Definition
Beach, attached to land at one end, ends in water at the other.
-deposited by ocean, often from sediment
-curved or hooklike in shape |
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Definition
| Beach surrounded by rocky pointson either side; protected. |
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Definition
| Delta formed at the head of an etuary or embayment due to sediment desposition by a river entering the estuary. |
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Definition
| A spit that completely closes access to a bay, thus sealing it off from the main body of water. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Triangular accumulation of sand that extends from a barrier or mainland shoreline into a bay or lagoon.
-characterized by converging sand transport cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Mounds or ridges of sand that is transported and deposited by WIND, not the same as a beach. |
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Term
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Definition
| Opening in the shoreline through which water penetrates the land, thereby providing a connection between the ocean & bays, lagoons, and marsh & tidal creak systems. |
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Term
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Definition
Poorly drained mudflats, covered by salt grasses.
-is autogenic
-occurs in protected, quiet waters |
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Term
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Definition
| Made of shell material. (Calcium carbonate) |
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Term
| Does New England have a coastal plain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the "fall line" an appropriate boundry for the coastal zone? |
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Definition
| The fall line is an appropriate boundry for the coastal zone because it is where the land generally starts to fall (tilt/slope) seaward. ??? |
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Term
| Provide an example of the feedback associated with "coastal morphodynamics." |
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Definition
| A sea-cliff fractures either by freeze/thaw or through hydraulic pressure, and eventually the rock can no longer support itself and slides into the ocean. Next, the ocean slowly carries away some of the fallen debris, and a salt marsh forms. After time, the waves then erode the salt marsh, and you are left with what you started with. ??? |
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Term
| Difference between sea-cliffs and bluffs. |
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Definition
| Sea-cliffs erode relatively slowly and are made out of rock/consolodated material (Don't provide much sediment), and bluffs are made of unconsolodated material and provide lots of sediment. |
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Term
| Difference between a delta and an estuary. |
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Definition
| Deltas protrude from the coast, and estuaries are an enclosed embayment. Estuary has a salt content that is affected by freshwater. |
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Term
| Of the common coastal environments discussed, which is the most impervious to human activities? Which is the easiest altered? |
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Definition
| The most impervious coast to human activities would be sea-cliffs, because they're very strong and erode relatively slowly. The one easiest altered would be bluff coasts, because their material is so unconsolated, and erodes very rapidly. ??? |
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Term
| What is reasonable and what is not regarding William Morris Davidson's classification? |
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Definition
???
REASONABLE: In time, coasts change, and are at different stages.
NOT: Assumes all coasts have a common beginning. |
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Term
| What is the fundamental error in Johnson's classification? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name a trailing edge, collisional, and mariginal sea coast. |
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Definition
Trailing edge: Maine (Or US East Coast)
Collisional: US West Coast
Marginal sea coast: Japan |
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Term
| How do estuaries outbuild? |
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Definition
•1) inertial processes: must have a fresh water body, the river comes out into an ocean depositing sand grains, gets to the edge when the slop gets deeper, and begins to fall off
•2) friction: if the river is entering a salt water body in a shallow area, the sediment slows down and forms a middle-ground bar
•3) buoyancy: is fresh water coming in to a deep area, and the fresh and salt water are separated (because the area is so deep), salt water is more dense than fresh water, therefore freshwater floats on top of the salt water. |
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Term
| Associate a great river with each of the three tectonic coastal types. |
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Definition
Convergent:
Divergent
Transform |
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Term
| What distinguishes the upper and lower delta plains? |
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Definition
Upper: swamps, marhses, lakes
Lower: salt marshes, mangrove, swamps, tidal/mud flats |
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Term
| Which river has the greater dissolved sediment load, the Amazon or the Yukon? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name something from the disolved, the organic and the inorganic fractions of river sediment. |
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Definition
Dissolved: nutrients
Organic: wood
Inorganic: rock fragments |
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Term
| WHat is the ultimate cuase of delta switching? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name a tidal dominated delta; a wave dominated delta. |
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Definition
Tidal: Colorado River delta
Wave: Nile delta |
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Term
| Describe how estuarine circulation is related to estuarine origin (What sort of circulation do estuaries of various origins have)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are esturies sediment traps? |
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Definition
| Because sediment rarely gets out of them, very deep. |
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Term
| Collision coast, features |
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Definition
island arc (ocean to ocaen)
rokcy, small/narrow cont shelf, large waves
land lifted out of ocean
sea cliffs
spits |
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Term
| Trailing edge coast properties |
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Definition
divergent boundries
barrier islands
salt marshes
estuaries
wide cont shelf |
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Term
| Marginal seacoast lines properties |
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Definition
sepereated from world sea by range of volcanic arc
wide shelf
many deltas
beaches |
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