Term
| 2,3-biophosphoglycerate (BPG) |
|
Definition
| erythrocyte constituent produced during red blood cell metabolism, can bind reversibly with Hb and reduce its affinity for O2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produce antibodies and are responsible for antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| influence of CO2 and acid on the release of O2, allosteric binding of them reduce affinity for oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at any constant temperature, the pressure exerted by a gas varies inversely with the volume of the gas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removing O2 from Hb increases the ability of Hb to pick up CO2 and CO2-generated H+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| triggered to prevent overinflation of the lungs when tidal volume is over 1L |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distinct from the heart sounds associated with valve closure heard when listening to the heart with a stethoscope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relationship between Hb and O2 association shown by an S-shaped graph |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| do not produce antibodies, they directly destroy their target cells by releasing chemicals that punch holes in the victim cell (cell-mediated immunity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| make up the alveolar walls; flattened |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| secrete pulmonary surfactant |
|
|
Term
| accessory inspiratory muscles |
|
Definition
| in the neck, raise the sternum and elevates the first two ribs, enlarging the upper portion of the thoracic cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| local O2 concentration decreases yielding local arteriolar dilation by relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most abundant plasma protein, nonspecifically bind many substances that are poorly soluble in plasma; plasma protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to highly specific bind poorly water-soluble substances for transport, factor involved in the blood-clotting process, inactive, circulating proteins; plasma protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any ventilated alveoli that do not participate in gas exchange with blood because they are inadequately perfused |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neighboring alveoli, by recoiling in resistance to being stretched, exert expanding forces on collapsing alveolus and thereby keep it open |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| displayed by the thin liquid film that lines each alveolus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| volume of air exchanged between the atmosphere and alveoli per minute [VA=(TV-DSV)*RR] (avg = 4200 mL/min) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| termimals of the brochi and bronchioles; tiny air sacs where gases are exchanged |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| air that doesn't get down to the site of gas exchange (avg = 150mL) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| below-normal O2-carrying capacity of blood and is characterized by low hematocrit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduced O2 carying capacity of the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of generating new vessel growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involved in moment-to-moment regulation of blood pressure, mechanorecptor, sensitive to MAP and pulse pressure; located in major arterial trunk before it gives off branches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of peripheral chemoreceptors found in the arch of the aorta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by failure of the bone marrow to produce enough RBCs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevents the inspiratory neurons from being switched off |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prolonged inspiratory gasps abruptly interrupted by very brief expirations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carry blood from the heart to the organs, branch or diverge into a "tree" of progressively smaller vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branches of an artery at the organ level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| airway obstruction is due to thickening of airway walls, plugging of the airways by mucus, and airway hyperesponsiveness (profound constriction of smaller air pathways from spasm of smooth muscles) |
|
|
Term
| atmospheric (barometric) pressure |
|
Definition
| pressure exerted by the weight of the air in the atmosphere on objects on Earth's surface (760mmHg); diminishes with increasing altitude |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| local arteriolar mechanisms that keep tissue blood flow fairly constant despite rather wide deviations in mean arterial driving pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| change in mean arterial pressure triggers autonomically mediated reaction that influences heart and blood vessels to adjust cardiac output and total peripheral resistance in an attempt to restore blood pressure to normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monitor mean arterial pressure within the circulatory system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| least numerous and similar structurally and functionally to mast cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to highly specific poorly water-soluble substances for transport, factor involved in blood-clotting; plasma protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HCO3-, primary form of CO2 transport in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 60% of CO2 of blood is in this form |
|
|
Term
| blood coagulation (clotting) |
|
Definition
| transformation of blood from a liquid into a solid gel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| force exerted by the blood against a vessel wall, depends on the volume of blood contained within the vesseland the compliance of the vessel walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| erythrocyte factory, soft highly cellular tissue that fills the internal cavities of bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| air is alternately moved in and out of the lungs; mechanical act |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease in the radius of bronchioles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| divisions of the trachea; left and right feed into the two lungs; branch out into smaller pathways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smaller branches of the bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase in brochiolar radius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| various constituents of the fluid are moving together in bulk, or as a unit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smallest of the vessels, across which all exchanges are made with surrounding cells |
|
|
Term
| capillary blood pressure (Pc) |
|
Definition
| fluid or hydrostatic pressure exerted on the inside of the capillary walls by blood; tends to force fluid out of the capillaries into the interstitial fluid |
|
|
Term
| carbamino hemoglobin (HbCO2) |
|
Definition
| name used when CO2 is combined with Hb, binds to globin portion, does not compete with O2, carries 30% of CO2 in blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| H2CO3, first step of CO2 to HCO3- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme in red blood cells that converts CO2 to HCO3- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme in RBCs critical to transport CO2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| name used when Hb is combined with CO, competes with O2 |
|
|
Term
| cardiovascular control center |
|
Definition
| region in the medulla of brain stem that adjusts sympathetic output to the arterioles |
|
|
Term
| cardiovascular control center |
|
Definition
| integrating center that receives info on MAP, located in medulla within the brain stem, uses autonomic nervous system to alter balance of sym and parasympathetic activity to effector organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of peripheral chemorecptors located at the fork of the common carotid arteries on both right and left sides, more important peripheral bodies |
|
|
Term
| carotid sinus barorecptors |
|
Definition
| involved in moment-to-moment regulation of blood pressure, mechanorecptor, sensitive to MAP and pulse pressure; located near vessels leading to brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located in the medulla near the respiratory cnet; sensitive to changes in CO2-induced H+ conc. in ECF of brain; increase CO2 --> stimulation of ventilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chrloride ions diffuse into the red blood cells down electrical gradient created by HCO3- exodus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long-term inflammatory condition of the lower respiratory airways, prolonged thickening of the airway linings, coupled with overproduction of thick mucus |
|
|
Term
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
|
Definition
| group of lung diseases characterized by increased airway resistance resulting from narrowing of the lumen of the lower airways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| too little oxygenated blood is delivered to the tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contraction of the platelets trapped within the clot shrinks the fibrin mesh by exuding fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| series of sequential reactions until thrombin catalyzes the final conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| airflow between adjacent alveoli through the pores of Kohn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how much effort is required to stretch or distend the lungs |
|
|
Term
| compliance (disensibility) |
|
Definition
| how easily they can be stretched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| floor of thoracic cavity; large, dome-shaped sheet of skeletal muscle that completely separates the thoraciccavity from the abdominal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| minimum pressure within the arteries when the blood is draining off into the rest of the vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists mostly of inspiratory neurons who innervate the inspiratory muscles which stimulate the muscles, important interconnections with the ventral group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mental anguish associated with unsatiated desire for more adequate ventilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling of the tissue because of excess interstitial fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how readily the lungs rebound after having been stretched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collapse of the smaller airways and breakdown of alveolar walls, irreversible, results from excessive release of destructive enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized epithelial cells that line the lumen of all blood vessels, release chemical mediators that play a key role in locally regulating arteriolar caliber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| another endothelial vasoactive substance causes arteriolar smooth muscle contraction; one of the most potent vasoconstrictions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase in ciculating eosinophils (eosinophilia) is associated with allergic conditions and with internal parasite infestations |
|
|
Term
| erthyrocytes (red blood cells RBCs) |
|
Definition
| flat, disc-shaped cell indented in the middle on both sides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hormone secrete by kidney into the blood, stimulates erythropoiesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of generating new red blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles of the abdominal wall and internal intercostal muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles of the abdominal wall and internal intercostal muscles |
|
|
Term
| expiratory reserve volume (ERV) |
|
Definition
| volume that can be actively expired (avg = 1000mL) |
|
|
Term
| external intercostal muscles |
|
Definition
| top most intercostal muscles, run downward and forward between adjacent ribs, enlarge the thoracic cavity in both the lateral and anterposterior dimensions (elevate the ribs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exchange of O2 and CO2 between the external environment and the cells of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| requires contact with tissue factors external to the blood, initiates clotting of blood that has escaped into the tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| converts prothrombin to thrombin, normally present in blood in an inactive form |
|
|
Term
| factor XIII (fibrin-stabilizing factor) |
|
Definition
| catalyze the cross-linkage process in clotting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an insoluble, threadlike molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large, soluble plasma protein produced by the liver and normally always present in the plasma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| key factor in blood clotting; plasma protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood through a vessel is directly proportional to the pressure gradient and inversely proportional to vascular resistance |
|
|
Term
| forced (active) expiration |
|
Definition
| muscles must contract to further reduce the volume of the thoracic cavity and lungs |
|
|
Term
| forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) |
|
Definition
| volume expired during the first second of expiration in a VC determination, usually about 80% of VC |
|
|
Term
| functional residual capacity (FRC) |
|
Definition
| volume of air in the lungs at the end of normal passive expiration (FRC=ERV+RV) (avg = 2200mL) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immunoglobulins crucial to the body's defense mechanism; plasma protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein made up of four highly folded polypeptide chains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the few molecules in the RBCs necessary to generate energy |
|
|
Term
| granulocyte colony-stimulating factor |
|
Definition
| stimulates increased replication and release of granulocytes, especially nuetrophils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nonprotein group, binds to one polypeptide of globin; each iron binds reversibly with a molecule of O2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| molecule that binds oxygen to carry it in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by rupture of too many ciculating erythrocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common cause of excessive bleeding; caused by deficiency of one of the factors in the clotting cascade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by losing a lot of blood, either acute, such as a bleeding wound, or chronic such as excessive menstrual flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arrest of bleeding from a broken blood vessel, stopping a hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells cannot use the O2 available to them; cyanide poisoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased ventilation that matches an increased metabolic demand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| above-normal aterial PO2 causes oxygen toxicity which can lead to cell damage in the brain and retina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when a person "overbreathes", rate of ventilation exceeds body's metabolic needs for CO2 removal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| below-normal arterial PCO2 levels; brought about by hyperventilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insufficient O2 at cell level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low arterial blood PO2 accompanied by inadequate Hb saturation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of lyphocytes in the blood increase but also many of the lymphocytes are atypical in structure; caused by a virus; pronounced fatigue, mild sore throat, and low grade fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small, blind-ended lymph vessels; permeate almost every tissue of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inspiratory capacity (IC) |
|
Definition
| maximum volume air that can be inspired at end of a normal quiet expiration (IC=IRV+TV) (avg = 3500) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles that contract to accomplish an inspiration during quiet breathing; diaphragm and intercostal muscles |
|
|
Term
| inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) |
|
Definition
| volume that can be maximally inspired over and above the typical resting tidal volume (avg = 3000mL) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| activate intercostal muscles |
|
|
Term
| internal (cellular) respiration |
|
Definition
| the intracellular metabolic processes carried out within mitochondria, which O2 and produce CO2 while derivingni energy from nutrient molecules |
|
|
Term
| internal intercostal muscles (role in expiration) |
|
Definition
| pulls the ribs downward and inward |
|
|
Term
| intersitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pif) |
|
Definition
| fluid pressure exerted on the outside of the capillary wall by interstitial fluid, forces fluid into the capillaries |
|
|
Term
| interstitial fluid-colloid osmotic pressure (PIif) |
|
Definition
| force that does not normally contribute significantly to bulk flow; promotes fluid out of the capillaries |
|
|
Term
| intra-alveolar (intrapulmonary) pressure |
|
Definition
| pressure within the alveoli |
|
|
Term
| intrapleural (intrathoracic) pressure |
|
Definition
pressure within the pleural sac, pressure exerted outside the lungs within the thoracic cavity
(756mmHg) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lubricates the pleural surfaces as they slide past each other during respiratory movements |
|
|
Term
| intrapleural fluid's cohesiveness |
|
Definition
| due to water molecules in intrapleural fluid, helps hold the pleural surfaces together, facilitates movement of lungs against the interior surface of chest wall, stickiness expands lungs with the thoracic wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| precipitates clotting within damaged vessels as well as clotting blood samples in test tubes; sets off with factor XII (Hageman factor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| voice box, located at entrance of the trachea; anterior protrusions form the Adam's apple |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if conc. of one substance involved in a reversible reaction is increased, the reaction is drive toward the opposite side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cancerous condition that involves uncontrolled proliferation of WBCs; inadequate defense capabilities against foreign invasion (cell are abnormal or immature) |
|
|
Term
| local metabolic changes that influence arteriolar radius |
|
Definition
| decreased O2, increased CO2, increased acid, increased K+, increased osmolarity, adenosine release, prostaglandin release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two, divided into several lobes, each supplied by a bronchus; tissue consists of series of highly branched airways, the alveoli, the pulmonary blood vessels, and large quantities of elastic connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interstitial fluid that enters a lymphatic vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located en route within the lymphatic system, contain bacteria-killing phagocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| initial lymphatics converging, eventually empty into venous systems near where blood enters the right atrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reabsorbs the extra fluid filtered into the interstitial fluid, accessory route by which fluid can be returned from the interstitial fluid to the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provide immune defense against targets for which they are specifically programmed; live for about 100 to 300 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lymph nodes and tonsils; contain lymphocytes that produce lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mature and enlarge monocytes, life span of months to years unless destroyed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| never circulate in the blood but instead are dispersed in connective tissue throughout the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| average pressure driving blood forward into the tissues throughout the cardiac cycle; MAP = diastolic + 1/3 pulse pressure |
|
|
Term
| medullary respiratory center |
|
Definition
| consists of two neuronal clusters (dorsal and ventral respiratory groups) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sheddings of these extrodinary large, bone marrow-bound cells create platelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thoroughfare channel which runs between an arteriole and venule; option for capillaries to come from or drain to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arterioles, capillaries, and venules; only visible on a microscope; all located within organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| become professional phagocytes, circulate for only a day or two before settling down in various tissues |
|
|
Term
| mononuclear agranulocytes |
|
Definition
| monocytes and lymphocytes; single, large, nonsegmented nucleus and few granules |
|
|
Term
| muscles of the abdominal wall (role in expiration) |
|
Definition
| increase the intra-abdominal pressure which exerts an upward force on the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| air way of respiratory system beginning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phagocytic specialists; release a web of extracellular fibers that contain bacteria-killing chemicals |
|
|
Term
| newborn respiratory distress syndrome |
|
Definition
| not enough pulmonary surfactant produced to reduce aleveolar surface tension; poorly compliant lungs; alveolar collapse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes local arteriolar vasodilation by inducing relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by dietary deficiency of a factor needed for erythrocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| name used when hemoglobin is combined with O2 |
|
|
Term
| percent hemoglobin (%Hb) saturation |
|
Definition
| a measure of the extent to which the Hb present is combined with O2 |
|
|
Term
| peripheral chemoreceptors |
|
Definition
| lie at the fork of the common carotid arteries and in arch of aorta; respond to specific changes in chemical content of the arterial blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability to absorb enough ingested vitamin B12 from the digestive tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| throat, serves as a common passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dispersed as colloid, don't exit through narrow pores, establish osmotic gradient between blood and interstitial fluid, primary force preventing excessive loss of plasma from capillaries; maintain plasma volume |
|
|
Term
| plasma-colloid osmotic pressure (PIp) |
|
Definition
| force caused by colloidal dispersion of plasma proteins; encourages fluid movement into the capillaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slowly dissolved by a fibrinolytic enzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inactive precursor of plasmin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| platelets quickly adhere to the collagen at the site of defect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cellular element present in blood, average 250 million in each cubic mm; small cell fragments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interior of the pleural sac |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separates each lung from the thoracic wall and other surrounding structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the pleural sac, painful breathing because of "friction rub" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| undifferenciated cells in red marrow capable of forming rbcs, leukocytes, and platelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sends impluses to the DRG that help "switch off" the inspiratory neurons; dominates over apneustic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal condition of air enter the pleural cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| too many circulating RBCs and an elevated hematocrit |
|
|
Term
| polymorphonuclear granulocytes |
|
Definition
| neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils; segmented nuclei, abundance of membrane-enclosed granules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| narrow, water-filled gaps lie at the junctions between the cells in capillaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exist in the walls between adjacent alveoli to permit airflow between them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| generate respiratory rhythm; located near the upper end of the medullary respiratory center |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wisps of spiraling smooth muscle cells surrounding metarterioles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ifference in pressure that is created by separating a region of higher pressure from a region of lower |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provides the driving force for blood when the heart is relaxing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by a tumorlike condition of the bone marrow in which erythropoiesis proceeds at an excessive, uncontrolled rate instead of being subject to the normal erythropoietin regulatory mechanism |
|
|
Term
| pulmonary (minute) ventilation |
|
Definition
| volume of air breathed in and out in one minute (avg = 6000 mL/min) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scar-forming fibrous connective tissue as a result of chronically breathing in asbestos fiber or similar irritants |
|
|
Term
| pulmonary stretch receptors |
|
Definition
| activated by stretching of lungs at large tidal volumes; APs travel from these to inhibit inspiratory neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complex mixture of lipids and proteins secreted by the Type II alveolar cells; lowers alveolar surface tension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difference between systolic and diastolic pressures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| net inward movement of fluid from the interstitial fluid into the capillaries takes place through the pores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| after occlusion is removed, resulting transiently much higher blood flow to the previously tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5 million cells per cubic millimeter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capable of blood cell production, typical of children |
|
|
Term
| reduced hemoglobin (deoxyhemoglobin) |
|
Definition
| name used when hemoglobin is not bound with O2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| may result from kidney disease; inadequate erythropoietin secretion by diseased kidneys leads to insufficient RBC production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| minimum volume of air remaining in the lungs even after maximal expiration (avg = 1200mL) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measure of hindrance or opposition to the blood flow through a vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tubes that carry air between the atmosphere and air sacs; nasal passages, pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ratio of CO2 produce to O2 consumed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breaths per min (avg = 12) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| respiratory airways, lungs, structures of the thorax involved in producing movement of air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| curved, 12 pairs, join at sternum; provide bony protection for lungs and heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| appropriate erythropoietin-induced adaptive mechanism to improve the bloods O2-carrying capacity in response to a prolonged reduction in O2 delivery to the tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| widespread clotting occasionally triggered by release of tissue thromboplastin into the blood from large amounts of traumatized tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plasma minus fibrinogen and other clotting precursors that have been removed during the clotting process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood flowing over the surface of the vessel lining creates a longitudinal force on the endothelial cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| best-known example among various hereditary abnormalities of erythrocytes that make these cells very fragile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| externally applied inflatable attached to a pressure guage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recording of rise and fall of air-filled drum in a spirometer which indicates volume changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of an air-filled drum floating in a water-filled chamber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| limited ability to store healthy erthyrocytes, serves as resevoir site for platelets, and contains abundance of lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| joining point of ribs in the front (anteriorly) |
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Term
| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) |
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Definition
| sleep apnea in infants, evidence suggests baby "forgets to breath"; respiratory control factors are immature, poorly developed carotid bodies |
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Term
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Definition
| maximum pressure exerted in the arteries when blood is ejected into them |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of lungs, heart and associated vessels, esophagus, thymus, and some nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| joining point of ribs in the back (posteriorly) |
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Term
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Definition
| outer chest wall; formed by 12 pairs of ribs,sternum, and thoracic vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| catalyzes conversion from fibrinogen to fibrin at the site of injury |
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Term
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Definition
| platelet deficiency indicator with visible as small, purplish blotches |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by liver, increases the number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and stimulates each to make more platelets |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal intravascular clot attached to a vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| air entering or leaving lungs during a singal breath (avg = 500 mL) |
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Term
| tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) |
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Definition
| activates plasmin to dispose of fibrin |
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Term
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Definition
| released by traumatized tissue and directly activates factor X |
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Term
| total lung capacity (TLC) |
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Definition
| maximum volume of air that lungs can hold (TLC=VC+RV) (avg = 5700) |
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Term
| total peripheral resistance |
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Definition
| total resistance offered by all the systemic peripheral vessels together |
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Term
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Definition
| conducts air from pharynx to the lungs |
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Term
| transmural pressure gradient |
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Definition
| atomopheric > intrapleural, greater pressure pusihgin outward than inward across lunch wall, pushes out on lungs expanding them, fill thoracic cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure inside the capillary exceeds pressure outside, fluid is pushed out through the pores |
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Term
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Definition
| reaction when a blood vessel is cut or torn, slows blood flow through the defect and thus minimizes blood loss |
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Term
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Definition
| state of partial constriction which establishes a baseline of arteriolar resistance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enlargement in the circumference and radius of a vessel as a result of its smooth muscle layer relaxing; decreased resistance and increased flow through that vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| formed when venules rejoin |
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Term
| ventral respiratory group |
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Definition
| composed of inspiratory and expiratory neurons; inactive during quiet breathing; overdrive mechanism, important for active expiration; excited by dorsal group when high demand |
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Term
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Definition
| formed when capillaries rejoin |
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Term
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Definition
| friction developed between the molecules of a fluid as they slide over each other during flow of the fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| maximum volume of air that can be moved during a single breath following maximal inspiration (VC=IRV+TV+ERV) (avg = 4500mL) |
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Term
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Definition
| two bands of elastic tissue that lie across the opening of the larynx; vibration of --> voice |
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Term
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Definition
| 7000 per cubic millimeter |
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Term
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Definition
| incapable of erythropoiesis, replaces red bone marrow with maturation |
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