Term
| Describe the term "hardware-switching". |
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Definition
| Hardware-switching refers to the act of processing packets at any layer, 2 through 7, via specialized hardware components referred to as application-specific integrated curcuits (ASIC) |
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Term
| What are application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC)? |
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Definition
| Application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) are specialized hardware components that allow hardware-switching technology to achieve throughput at wire speeds without performance degradation for advanced features like QoS marking, ACL processing, and IP rewriting |
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Term
| Describe some of the benefits that hardware-switching provides when using application-specific integraded circuits (ASIC). |
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Definition
- ASICs generally are able to achieve higher performance and availability that CPUs - ASICs scale easily in switches architectures, where CPUs do not - ASIC integrate on Supervisor Engines and on individual line modules of Catalyst switches to hardware-switch packets in a distributed manner |
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Term
| What type of memory do application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) use to achieve their high performance? |
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Definition
| They use specialized memory called ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) |
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Term
| What are some of the limitations to ASIC? |
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Definition
| Biggest limitation to ASIC are memory limitations. Generally, the size of the ASIC memory is relative to the cost and application of the switch. Also, ASICs do not support all the features of the traditional Cisco ISO. |
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Term
| What are some of the limitations of layer 2 switching? |
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Definition
| Because they work at layer 2, the devices must reside on the same subnet. The more devices that are added, the more the switches need to work on broadcasts that are flooded throughout the network. Strict layer 2 devices also lack QoS and security features. |
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Term
| Describe layer 4 switching |
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Definition
| Layer4 switching implies switching based on protocol sessions. This means that layer 4 switching not only use source and destination IP addresses in switching decisions, but also IP session information contained in the TCP and UDP portion of the packet, |
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Term
| Describe layer 7 switching |
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Definition
| Layer 7 switching impies content-intelligence. With respect to web browsing, this implies inspection of URLs, cookies, host headers, etc. With VoIP, this includes distiguishing call destinations. |
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Term
| What are some of the network design properties of current-generation layer 2 switches? |
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Definition
- Designed for near wired-speed performance - Build using high-speed, specialized ASICs - Low latency - Scalable to several switches - Support for layer 3 functionality such as IGMP snooping and QoS marking - Offers limited scalablilty in large networks without layer 3 boundaries |
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Term
| What is the primary difference between the packet-forwarding operation of a router and layer 3 switch? |
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Definition
| The primary difference between the packet-forwarding operation of a router and layer 3 switching is the physical implementation. Layer 3 switches use different hardware components and have a greater port density than traditional routers. |
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Term
| What type of marking does a typical multilayer switch support? |
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Definition
| Many multilayer switches support QoS marking at layer 2 using the CoS field and QoS marking at layer 3 using DSCP. |
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Term
| What are the 3 layers of SONA? |
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Definition
- network infrastructure - contains the Cisco enterprise architecture, servers, storage, and clients. - interactive service - optimization of the communication between applications and services, using intelligent network functions such as security, identity, voice, virtualization, and QoS - application - contains business and collaboration applications |
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Term
| Briefly describe the SONA infrastructure services |
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Definition
-Identity services - includes AAA, NAC, NBAR -Mobility services - access regardless of location - Storage services - storage and critical data - Compute services - improves compute resources. - Security services - security for all resources - Voice and collaboration services - allows collaboration of users. |
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Term
| Describe the network infrastructure layer of SONA |
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Definition
| The network infrastructure layer contains the enterprise network architecture, servers, storage networks, and end-user clients. This layer also contains switching and routing elements to enhance performance and capabilities, including reliability and security. |
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Term
| Describe the interactive service layer of SONA |
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Definition
| This layer supports essential applications and the network infrastructure layer. Services provided at this layer fall into 2 categories: infrastructure services and application networking services. |
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Term
| Describe the integrated application phase of IIN. |
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Definition
| It allows the network to become application aware. The network can optimize application performance by integrating application message handling, application optimization and application security. Cisco calls this technology application-oriented networking (AON). |
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Term
| Describe the integrated transport phase of IIN. |
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Definition
| It involves the convergences of voice, data, and video into a single transport network. Using Cisco's unified communications platforms, it allows the deployment of new applications that enhance communications. |
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Term
| Briefly describe the 3 phases of IIN. |
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Definition
- integrated transport - convergence of voice, video, data into a single transport network - integrated services - merges common elements such as storage, servers, and network elements. Also virtualization of systems. - integrated application - allows the network to become application aware. |
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Term
| Describe the integrated service phase of IIN |
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Definition
| It merges common elements such as storage, and data center server capacity. |
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Term
| What are the key components of the Cisco AVVID framework? |
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Definition
- Network Infrastructure - Intelligent network services - Network solutions |
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Term
| Describe the network infrastructure component of the Cisco AVVID framework. |
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Definition
| The network infrastructure component includes the hardware and software used to send, receive, and manage packets that are transmitted between network devices throughout the enterprise. The network infrastructure includes the transmission media and devices that control tranmission paths, such as private and public transport media. Examples include router, LAN switches, call gateways, and PBXs |
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Term
| Describe the intelligent network services component for Cisco's AVVID framework |
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Definition
| The intelligent network services allow end users to operate in a controlled secure environment in which the network provides differentiated services. It allows for application awareness and content-intelligence, which include functions such as security, network management, QoS, IP multicast, and high availablilty |
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Term
| Describe the network solutions component of Cisco's AVVID framework. |
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Definition
| The network solutions include the hardware and software that use the network infrastructure and intelligent network services to their advantage. |
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Term
| What are the 4 major functional areas of the Enterprise Composite Network Module? |
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Definition
- Enterprise Campus - Enterprise Edge - Service Provider Edge - Data Center |
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Term
| Describe the Enterprise Campus area of the Enterprise Composite Network Model. |
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Definition
| The Enterprise Campus contais the modules that are required to build a hierarchical, highly robust campus network that offers performance, scalability, and high availabilty. This functional area does not offer remote connections or Internet access. |
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Term
| Describe the Enterprise Edge area of the Enterprise Composite Network Model |
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Definition
| The Enterprise Edge aggregates connectivity from the various elements at the edge of the enterprise network. It contains all the network elements for efficient and secure communication between the Enterprise Campus and the remote locations, remote users, home users, and the Internet. |
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Term
| Describe the Service Provide Edge of the Enterprise Composite Network model. |
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Definition
| The Service Providers Edge provides connectivity to the services that are inplemented by service providers. It enables communications with other networks using different WAN technologies and ISPs. |
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Term
| Describe the Data Center area of the Enterprise Composite Network Model. |
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Definition
| The Data Center provides connectivity to server farms and services and consolidates the data processing and storage-related functions of the enterprise network. |
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