Term
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Definition
| water has a dipole moment. oxygen faces toward + ions, away from - ions. surrounds ions so they break apart in water. |
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Term
| water and nonpolar molecules |
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Definition
| CH bonds have no charge distribution. water cages form around indiv. molecules. water tends to be displaced so the molecules can come back together and water can interact more among itself(lower enthalpy) - hydrophobic effect |
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Term
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Definition
deltaG = deltaH - TdeltaS
free energy = enthalpy - entropy*temp
less free energy = more stable |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| strong acid base reactions |
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Definition
| create a salt and water ex. HCl + NaOH = H2O + NaCl |
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Term
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Definition
| create free hydrogen ex. CH3COOH <> CH3COO- + H+ |
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Term
| weak vs strong acid/base rxns |
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Definition
| stronger acid = more dissociation of the molecule. weaker acids stay more intact (conjugate base) |
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Term
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Definition
| dissociation constant of an acid. equal to conc of products/conc of reactants |
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Term
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Definition
| certain ratio of conjugate acid and base maintains pH of solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| pH at midpoint of titration of base. pka = -log(10)ka. higher pka: weaker acid |
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