Term
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Definition
| An unintended or misleading result in behavioral data that arises from external factors, not the behavior itself. |
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Term
| Alternating Treatment Design |
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Definition
| A research design comparing two or more treatments by rapidly alternating between them to observe differential effects |
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Term
| Automaticity of Reinforcement |
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Definition
| Behavior is shaped by reinforcement even without conscious awareness or intention by the individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| A response prevents the presentation of an aversive stimulus, increasing the likelihood of future avoidance behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Teaching a behavior chain by starting with the final step, reinforcing each preceding step progressively. |
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Term
| Behavior Change Interruption Strategy |
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Definition
| Deliberate disruption of a behavior chain to assess or modify the subject’s responses or problem-solving. |
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Term
| Behavior Change with a Limited Hold |
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Definition
| A reinforcement condition where a behavior must occur within a specified timeframe after a prompt to be reinforced. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tools for assessing specific behaviors by listing observable actions to systematically monitor progress. |
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Term
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Definition
| A written agreement outlining target behaviors, conditions, and consequences for behavior change. |
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Term
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Definition
| A behavior that opens up new environments or opportunities for further learning and reinforcement. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency of behavior to persist once it is initiated, especially after consistent reinforcement. |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of how the rate of behavior changes over time, indicating acceleration or deceleration. |
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Term
| Changing Criterion Design |
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Definition
| A research design that incrementally adjusts the criterion for reinforcement to demonstrate behavior change. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulus that, by signaling worsening or improvement, alters the value of its own removal or occurrence as a reinforcer |
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Term
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Definition
| A neutral stimulus that, after being paired with a UMO or CMO, takes on the motivational properties of the original. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulus that makes another stimulus more valuable due to its relation to a desired reinforcer or event |
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Term
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Definition
| A method of comparing different interventions or treatments to determine their relative efficacy in behavior change |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure for determining which parts of a treatment package are responsible for producing behavior change |
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Term
| Concurrent Schedule of Reinforcement |
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Definition
| Two or more reinforcement schedules are available simultaneously, allowing the subject to choose between behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| The likelihood of a behavior occurring given the presence of a particular antecedent or consequence. |
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Term
| Conditioned Negative Reinforcer |
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Definition
| A previously neutral stimulus that acquires aversive properties after being paired with an unconditioned negative reinforcer |
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Term
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Definition
| Extraneous factors that affect the outcome of an experiment, potentially obscuring the true relationship between the variables studied |
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Term
| Contingency Shaped Behavior |
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Definition
| Behavior that is learned directly through experience with reinforcement or punishment contingencies, not through rules. |
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Term
| Contingent Reinforcement or Punishment |
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Definition
| The delivery of reinforcement or punishment dependent on the occurrence of a specific behavior. |
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Term
| Continuous Reinforcement (CRF) |
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Definition
| A schedule of reinforcement where each occurrence of the target behavior is followed by reinforcement. |
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Term
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Definition
| A graphical display of behavior rates over time, where responses are continuously added to produce an increasing slope. |
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Term
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Definition
| A device used to track and record the frequency of responses over time, producing a cumulative record. |
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Term
| Dependent Group Contingency |
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Definition
| A reinforcement system where the entire group’s reward depends on the performance of one or a few individuals. |
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Term
| Differential Reinforcement of Alternating Behaviors |
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Definition
| Reinforcing multiple behaviors in alternation, typically when transitioning between tasks. |
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Term
| Differential Reinforcement of Diminishing Rates |
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Definition
| Reinforcement provided when the frequency of a behavior decreases to a target rate within a specified period. |
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Term
| Differential Reinforcement of High Rates of Behavior |
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Definition
| Reinforcement contingent on emitting a high number of responses within a set period. |
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Term
| Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior |
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Definition
| Reinforcing a behavior that cannot occur simultaneously with the undesired behavior. |
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Term
| Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Behavior |
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Definition
| Reinforcing a behavior when it occurs less frequently, reducing the overall rate of that behavior. |
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Term
| Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior |
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Definition
| Reinforcing any behavior other than the undesired target behavior during a set period. |
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Term
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Definition
| A verbal operant in which the speaker repeats the verbal behavior of another person exactly. |
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Term
| Elementary Verbal Operants |
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Definition
| Basic verbal functions like mand, tact, intraverbal, echoic, and textual behaviors in Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition that temporarily increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer and the frequency of behavior associated with it. |
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Term
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Definition
| An increase in the frequency of a behavior due to an antecedent event or motivating operation. |
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Term
| Experimental Analysis of Behavior |
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Definition
| A scientific approach to studying behavior through controlled experiments and systematic manipulation of variables |
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Term
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Definition
| When a behavior occurs in the presence of incorrect stimuli due to incomplete or imprecise learning. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group contingency intervention that reinforces appropriate behavior through competition and teamwork. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforcement systems where the entire group's reward depends on either individual or collective performance |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of helping individuals achieve greater independence by improving skills and decreasing maladaptive behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| A decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure, often observed with unconditioned stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group contingency where the entire group's reinforcement is based on the performance of a single member |
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Term
| Independent Group Contingency |
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Definition
| A system where each individual earns reinforcement based on their own performance, regardless of the group's outcomes. |
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Term
| Indiscriminable Contingency |
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Definition
| A contingency in which the subject cannot predict when reinforcement will occur, promoting generalization and maintenance of behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| The inability to return to a previous level of behavior after an intervention due to permanent behavior change. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pioneer in behaviorism, emphasizing observable behavior over internal mental states and developing the foundation of classical conditioning. |
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Term
| Lag Schedule of Reinforcement |
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Definition
| A schedule where reinforcement is contingent on a behavior being different from prior responses to encourage variability. |
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