Term
| What are the important components of medical history for a lesion? |
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Definition
| Onset, location, course, aggrevating/relieving factors, timing, associated symptoms, affected contacts, occupation, effect of the disease on the patient |
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Term
| What should you look for when examining a lesion? |
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Definition
| Basic morphology, secondary morphologies and arrangements, shape, distribution, color |
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Term
| What pathologies exhibit acute eruptions (sudden onset over days to hours) |
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Definition
| Contact dermatitis, urticaria, many infections, bites/stings, drug eruptions, vasculitis |
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Term
| What pathologies exhibit subacute eruptions (gradually appearing, tend not to persist after treatment, may be chronic) |
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Definition
| Parasitic infestations, some neoplasms, some infections, acne vulgaris, rosacea |
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Term
| What pathologies exhibit chronic eruptions (gradual appearance that persists for long periods despite treatment) |
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Definition
| Eczema, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, persistent erythmeas, erythroderma, epidermolysis bullosa, some acne and folliculitis, most depositions, genodermatoses, pigmentary, hair and nail, rheumatologic, and connective tissue disorders, panniculitides, lipodystrophies, and many neoplasms |
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Term
| What pathologies tend to resolve only to recur later? |
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Definition
| Urticaria, atopic dermatitis, erythema multiforme, connective tissue disease, fifth disease, photodermatoses |
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Term
| What are the properties of macules? |
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Definition
| Circumscribed, flat, alteration in the color of the skin which is <1cm in diameter, not palpable |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of pathces? |
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Definition
| Circumscribed flat alteration in the color of the skin which is greater than 1 cm in diameter, not palpable |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of papules? |
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Definition
| Circumscribed palpable elevation of the skin less than 1cm in diameter, can make note of surface texture |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of plaques? |
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Definition
| Circumscribed palpable elevation of the skin greater than 1cm in diameter |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of nodules? |
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Definition
| Circumscribed palpable mass usually ranging in 1-2cm in diameter, not necessarily elevated but may be in dermis or subcutis, subctuatneous indurated quality |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of vesicles? |
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Definition
| Sharply circumscribed lesion less than 1cm in diameter which contains transparent free fluid |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of bullae? |
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Definition
| A sharply circumscribed lesion great than 1cm in diameter which contains transparent free fluid |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of pustules? |
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Definition
| Circumscribed lesions less than 1cm in diameter which contains free puss (great than 1cm are "lakes" of pus) |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of wheals? |
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Definition
| An evanescent circumscribed elevated edematous lesions, appears and disappears relatively rapidly (<24hrs), absence of permanent skin change |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of talengiestasia? |
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Definition
| Dilated superficial capillaries |
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Term
| What determines whether a lesion is a secondary lesion? |
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Definition
| Changes due to further developments during the evolution of the primary lesions |
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Term
| What are some examples of secondary lesions |
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Definition
| Crust, excoriation, lichenification, lichenoid, necrosis, scar, scaling, exfoliation, fissure, keratoderma, poikiloderma, vegetation, erosion, ulcer, atrophy, sclerosis |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of crusts? |
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Definition
| A dried exudate which may have been serous, purulent, or hemorrhagic |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of excoriation? |
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Definition
| Hemorrhagic excavation of the skin resulting from scratching, may be shallow, deep, linear, or punctate |
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Term
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Definition
| Thickening of the skin, exaggerated skin creases, dyspigmentation |
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Term
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Definition
| Lesions that are flat-topped papules, simulates lesions of lichen planus (not color) |
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Term
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Definition
| Death of skin, usually black in color, necrolysis is superficial necrosis with shedding of the skin |
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Term
| Describe the final stage of healing of skin lesion |
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Definition
| Results in a scar, destructive natural process that has involved the dermis, somewhat depth dependent, variable color/smooth, indurated, can be hypertrophic or atrophic |
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Term
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Definition
| A hard plaque covering an ulcer, implies underlying extensive tissue necrosis, infarcts, deep burns, or gangrene |
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Term
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Definition
| A flat plat or flake of stratum corneum, can be fine or thick |
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Term
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Definition
| Splitting off of stratum corneum in fine scales or sheets |
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Term
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Definition
| Linear split or gap in the skin surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyperkeratotic thickening of the keratin layer, may occur as congenital abnormality of keratin formation or as a result of mechanical stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| A triad of hypo/hyperpigmentation, atrophy, and telengiectasias |
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Term
| What is meant by the term vegetative? |
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Definition
| Proliferation of close-set papillomatous masses |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of erosion? |
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Definition
| A partial break in the epidermis that heals without scarring, commonly follows a blister |
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Term
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Definition
| Full-thickness loss of the epidermis, heals with scarring |
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Term
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Definition
| thinning and transparency of the skin caused by diminution of the epidermis, the dermis, or both, exhibits wrinkling and translucency of the skin with loss of skin markings |
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Term
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Definition
| Circumscribed or diffuse hardening of the skin, can result from dermal or subcutaneous inflammation, cellular infiltration, or collagen proliferation |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of special lesions/ |
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Definition
| Specific cutaneous changes that cannot readily be included as primary or secondary lesions |
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Term
| What are some examples of special lesions? |
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Definition
| Comedo burrow, sinus, fistula, cyst, abscess, petechia, exxhymosis, vibex, hematoma |
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Term
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Definition
| Keratin, sebum, microorganisms, and epithelial cell debris within a dilated follicular opening (can be open or closed) |
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Term
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Definition
| A tunnel made in the skin by a burrowing parasite or larva |
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Term
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Definition
| An elongated channel opening to a surface at one end and terminating in a blind sac in its depth |
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Term
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Definition
| AN elongated channel (tract) which communicated between two surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| A sac containing fluid or semisolid material with an epithelial lining |
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Term
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Definition
| Localized collection of pus larger than a pustule, has marked depth |
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Term
| What is patechia and ecchymosis? |
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Definition
| Non-blanching extravasated blood, maccules <3mm or 1cm are patechia, >3mm or 1cm are considered ecchymosis |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of a hematoma? |
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Definition
| An extravasation of blood of such a size as to cause visible swelling, often loculated |
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Term
| What are the different types of shape for skin lesions? |
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Definition
| Discoid, oval, annular, polycyclic, polygonal, reticular, serpiginous |
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Term
| What should characteristics of distribution should you look for during a physical examination of a skin lesion? |
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Definition
| Localization (sun exposed, dermatomal), region (palms/soles, interiginous, mucous membranes, etc.), and generalization (symmetric, drug, systemic, infection, etc.) |
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