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| education should provide the skills to make rational choices; inspired by locke |
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| Nature. First to use natural observation |
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| genetic timetable for the patterning of development |
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| Nurture. taught children to be afraid of cuddly animals |
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| psychological experiences of children |
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| create nurturing psychological experiences |
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| Stone, Smith, and Murphy's The Competent Infant |
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Definition
| discover signs of infant intelligence |
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| Three features of developmental change |
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1. Changes are not reversible
2.changes are stable
3. changes occur in sequence |
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| decrease in interest of a repeated stimulus |
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| increase in interest due to a change in stimulus |
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| response-contingent behavior |
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| Problem with infant studies |
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| just because an infant doesn't respond doesn't mean he or she cannot respond |
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| visual cliff experiment, researched autonomic nervous system responses |
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| measures gross motor activity |
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| Hormonal activity recorded |
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| Event-related potentials (ERPs) |
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| Average of electrical activity inside the brain recorded from the central nervous system with electrodes |
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| create pictures of the brain showing where in the brain an activity is taking place |
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| use x-rays to track glucose in the brain but do not require sedation. |
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| fMRI (functional magnetic resonance) |
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| use x-rays to track glucose in brain. requires sedation |
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| observational research methods |
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Definition
| natural variations rather than random assignment |
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| subject of longitudinal study drops out prematurely |
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| different group of children at each age period of interest |
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| how consistent is this method |
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| how accurately does the study measure what it's supposed to measure |
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| conclusions can be applied to infants who were not direct participants in the study |
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| natural observation that includes what is said, nonverbal social expressions, timing, etc. |
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| process by which observer record the presence or absence of the predefined categories |
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| focusing on the overall features in a behavior |
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| list of categories in relation to numerical value |
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| respond to others during play but maintain different goals |
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| play is joint and requires working together |
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| two goals of qualitative research |
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1. focus on meaning of situation for subject
2. role of researcher taken into account |
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| researcher taken into account as to how they are effecting the subject |
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| first qualitative research |
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| detailed study that takes narrative form and explains behavior |
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| what validity is in quantitative research. credibility increases as experience increases |
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| constant comparative method |
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| qualitative researches constantly revise their interpretations |
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| same subject observed over a long period of time |
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| data applicable to anyone |
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