Term
| Where is basal ganglia partially derived from? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What makes up the striatum |
|
Definition
| caudate nucleus and putamen |
|
|
Term
| How are the caudate nucleus and putamen separated |
|
Definition
| anterior limb of the internal capsule |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| putamen, internal and external segments of globus pallidus |
|
|
Term
| What are the three major inputs to the striatum? |
|
Definition
Corticostriatal fibers
centre Median
Substantia Nigra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
area 4 and 6- densest projection
frontal area project to head of caudate
everything else- body and tail
Uses GLUTAMIC ACID |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nucleus of thalamus sending projections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high concentration of Dopamine |
|
|
Term
| where is acetylcholine located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| present in interneurons and bulk of striatal outputs |
|
|
Term
| Where does serotonin come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain the outputs of the striatum |
|
Definition
substantia nigra and globus pallidus
both project to subthalmic nucleus
subthalmic projects to SUBSTANTIA NIGRA and INTERNAL GLOBUS PALLIDUS |
|
|
Term
| where does the subthalmic nucleus receive input from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do the main outputs of the basal ganglia arise? |
|
Definition
internal pallidum and substantia nigra
they both project to thalamus (VA and L) and midbrain tegmentum. |
|
|
Term
| what are the major outputs of the basal ganglia? inhibitory or excitatory? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What happens at the level of the thalamus with the basal ganglia? |
|
Definition
| basal ganglia inputs indirectly work with cerebellum-->thalamus-->project to areas 4 and 6 in cortex |
|
|
Term
| What happens at the midbrain tegmentum with the basal ganglia |
|
Definition
| descending BG interacts with RAS and mesencephalic locomotor region |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the readiness potential? |
|
Definition
cortical and subcortical
600-800 msec |
|
|
Term
| when do neurons in area 4 begin firing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these are one second in duration preceding a voluntary movement |
|
Definition
| VL of thal, medial globus pallidus, and area 6 |
|
|
Term
| This nucleus is responsible for complex tasks ONLY |
|
Definition
caudate nucleus
just sequencing and order of learned movements |
|
|
Term
| What is Parkonsonism characterized by? |
|
Definition
akinesia (cant initiate)
rigidity
tremor at rest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marked decrease in Dopamine from substantia nigra |
|
|
Term
| What are some treatment options for Parkinsons |
|
Definition
L-Dopa therapy
Thalotomy
bilateral pallidotomy-lesion the internal pallidum--> known to restore gait and function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
damage to subthalmic nucleus (dampens BG outputs)
Leads to irregular swinging of arms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slow distal movements and chorea. |
|
|
Term
| a lesion of the nigra results in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a leasion of the caudate leads to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a lesion of the subthalamus leads to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a lesion of the putamen leads to bradykinesia |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Disinhibition of the nigra leads to |
|
Definition
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