Term
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Definition
| > used as ophthalmic for glaucoma or cataract surgery or for eye exam > causes miosis by contraction of sphincter muscles of iris > causes contraction of ciliary muscles, which opens trabecular flow increasing outflow of aq. humor |
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Term
| methacholine (Provocholine) |
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Definition
> similar to Miochol, but Beta-methyl group gives more muscarinic activity by increasing 1/2 life of ACh
> mainly used to diagnose airway hyperreactivity in asthmatics (doesnt effect non asthmatics) |
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Term
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Definition
> similar to Miochol, but resistant to AChE hydrolysis d/t CARBAMYL group (lasts 6-8 hrs)
> has nicotinic and muscarinic effects
> used in glaucoma and for miosis in eye exam |
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Term
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Definition
> beta-methyl + Carbamyl group
> mainly muscarinic w/ slow hydrolysis
> Used for tx of urinary retention |
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Term
| T/F. Organophosphates are reversible AChE inhibitors |
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Definition
| FALSE. They are irreversible d/t long-term covalent bonds to serine esteratic site |
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Term
| T/F. We have a 95% excess of AChE |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the treatment for war gas or insectiside (organophosphate) toxicity? |
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Definition
| Atropine and pralidoxime (enzyme reactivator) |
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Term
| What are some of the other irreversible AChE inhibitors? |
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Definition
echothiphate (Phospholine)- miotic used for glaucoma diagnosis
malathion (Ovide)- used topically to treat external parasite infections and head lice. Humans cant convert it to malaoxon which is why it is so toxic to parasites but not humans |
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Term
| which AChE-I is indicated for ACUTE episodes of MG? Which is indicated for chronic MG? |
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Definition
| Neostigmine; pyridostigmine |
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Term
| This reversible AChE-I is used for the diagnosis of MG, but not for treatment. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
reversible AChE-I used for the SYMPTOMATIC treatment of Alzheimer's. Does not slow progression of Dz.
HEPATOTOXIC so not used much anymore |
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Term
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Definition
reversible AChE-I (piperidine type)
similar to Cognex, but NOT hepatotoxic
less periph. S/E b/c specific for CNS cholinesterase |
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Term
| T/F. rivastigmine (Exelon) and galantamine (Razadyne) are reversible cholinesterase inhibitors used to treat Alzheimer's Dz. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. Anticholinergic usually refers to antimuscarinic and antinicotinic activity |
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Definition
| FALSE. Just antimuscarinic |
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Term
| T/F. Atropine and scopolamine are tertiary amines that cross the BBB very well. |
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Definition
| FALSE. Atropine does not cross the BBB very well. Scopolamine is much more lipid soluble and crosses BBB better |
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Term
| What are the quaternary anticholinergic agents? |
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Definition
| glycopyrrolate (Robinul), ipratropium (Atrovent), propantheline (Pro-Banthine) |
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Term
| What works faster, atropine or scopolamine? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do scopolamine and atropine vary in there effects on the body? |
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Definition
| Atropine causes more effect on heart (tachycardia), bronchi (bronchodilation), and GI smooth muscle (decreases peristalsis) and scopolamine causes more mydriasis and more inhibition of bronchial sexcretions. |
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