Term
| functions of the skeleton |
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Definition
| support, protection, movement, storage |
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Definition
Rigid, strong bone is well suited for bearing weight and is the major supporting tissue of the body.
Cartilage provides a firm, yet flexible support within certain structures, such as the nose, external ear, rib cartilages, and trachea.
Ligaments are strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach to bones and hold them together. (Keep bones together)
Tendons: fibrous connective tissue- attach muscle to bone |
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Definition
| connective tissue, provides a firm, yet flexible support within certain structures like nose, ear, rib cartilage, and trachea |
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Definition
| strong bands of fibrous connective tissue tha attack to bones and hold them together |
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| fibrous connective tissue- attach muscle to bone |
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Bone is hard and protects the organs it surrounds.
For example, the skull encloses and protects the brain, and the vertebrae surround the spinal cord.
The rib cage protects the heart, lungs, and other organs of the thorax.
most imp organs are protected by bones |
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Skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons, which are strong bands of connective tissue.
Contraction of the skeletal muscles moves the bones, producing body movements.
Joints, which are formed where two or more bones come together, permit and control the
movement between bones. (join bones)
Smooth cartilage covers the ends of bones within some joints, allowing the bones to move freely.
Ligaments allow some movement between bones but prevent excessive movements. |
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Definition
| formed where 2 or more bones come together and permit and control the movement bewteen bones |
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Some minerals in the blood are taken into bone and stored. Should blood levels of these minerals decrease, the minerals are released from bone into the blood.
The principal minerals stored are
calcium and phosphorus(pH regulation too).
Fat (adipose tissue) is also stored within bone cavities. If needed, the fats are released into the blood and used by other tissues as a source of energy. |
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Definition
| ph regulation- mostly intercellular |
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Term
| during fetal life blood cells are produced in the |
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Definition
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Term
| blood cells in adults are formed in |
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Term
| special connective tissue make up |
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Definition
| bones, blood, cartilage, ligaments |
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| connective tissue is made up of |
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Definition
matrix- fibers fill gaps
cells osteocytes, clasts, blasts |
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Term
| functional part of the organ |
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Definition
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| structurally there are two types of bones |
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Definition
compact-dense- solid
cancellous- spongy- if blood is made in particular bone it happens in this part |
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Term
| osteon is the central structure and aka |
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Definition
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Term
| the central canal is known as the |
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Definition
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| all connective tissue have 3 types of cells |
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Definition
| osteocytes, blasts, clasts |
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Definition
| bone forming cells- primary function is to lay down new bone. once this is complete osteoblasts become osteocytes |
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| are osteoblasts that have become imprisoned within the mineralized bone matrix. They help maintain bone by synthesizing new bone matrix molecules. |
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Definition
| function primarily to resorb (remove) bone dring the process of growth and repair |
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Term
| osteoblast is a cell that produces ______, is responsive to parathyroid hormone, and produces _________ when stimulates by 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D |
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Definition
type 1 collagen
osteocalcin |
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| osteoblasts are _____ on the outer surface of bones, where they form a single layer of cells |
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Definition
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| osteoblasts bring about the formation of new bone by their synthesis of ______ |
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Definition
| osteoid (non-mineralized bone matrix) |
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Term
| an osteocyte is a transformed osteoblast that is trapped or surrounded in ______ as it hardens fro minerals that enter during calcification |
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Definition
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| the function of osteocytes is not fully known, but they do synthesize certain matrix molecules assisting _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| osteocytes synthesize and replace needed elements of the matrix, this helping to maintain mineral homeostasis with the help of the ______ and ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F osteocytes synthesis matrix |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F osteoclasts are the major resorptive cells of bone |
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Definition
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Term
| osteoclasts are ____ _____ cells with a short life span which develop from the hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow stroma and adjacent vessels and from mononuclear phagocytic cells |
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Definition
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| osteoclasts contain ______ filled with hydroltic enzymes |
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Definition
| lysosomes (digestive vacuoles) |
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Term
| two main parts to long bones |
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Definition
| diaphysis (long portion of bones) and epiphysis- 2 ends |
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Definition
| growth happens here, sealing of plates prevents growth |
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| Many bones contain cavities filled with bone marrown that give rise to _____ and ____ |
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Definition
| blood cells and platelets |
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| osteoclasts are regulated by |
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Definition
| Regulated by hormones PARATHYROID hormone!! Increases conc of ca in blood. Regulated by calcitonin too. |
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Definition
| tension of muscle changes without changing the length of the muscle |
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Definition
| length of muscle changes but the tension is constant- most important type |
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Definition
the point that is moving
will always move the same structure the same way |
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Definition
| the point that anchors and won't move |
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Term
| all muscle actions are triggered by |
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Definition
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| T/F all muscles even involuntary muscles require a nervous impulse to fire |
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Definition
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Definition
| striated. smooth. cardiac |
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attached to skeleton, voluntary, respond to ACH stimulated so the receptors are cholinergic
striated b.c you see striation under the microscope |
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Definition
| not striated or smooth, only in heart, involuntary but still require nerve impulse |
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| no straition, most powerful contraction, involuntary |
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Definition
| surrounds the whole muscle |
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| surrounds the muscle fiber |
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Definition
| consists of hundreds to thousands of muscle cells plus connective tissue wrapped, blood vessels, and nerve fibers, covered externally by the epimysium |
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Definition
| discrete bundle of muscle cells, segregated from the rest of the muscles by a connective tissue shealth, surrounded by a perimysium |
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| elongated multinucleate cell; has banded (striated) apperance, surrounded by the endomysium |
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traid consists of
important because |
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2 terminl cisterna
transverse tubule
imp with communication with outside of the cell |
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| T/F a straited muscle has more than one nuclei |
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Definition
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| endoplasmic reticulum of the muscle, where CA is stored, it is stored until CA from outside enters the cell and releases other CA that is stored |
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Definition
| function is to transport extrincis Ca ino the cell to release Ca from sarcoplasmic ret |
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| functional unit of the muscle is the |
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Definition
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| two types of myofilaments |
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Definition
| limits the sarcomere--- so sarcomere goes from one Z disk to the next one |
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Term
| Does sarcomere change its length |
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Definition
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Term
| does filiments change its length |
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Definition
| no- they slide- lenth stays the same |
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Term
| sarcolemma is known as the |
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Definition
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