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| memory, intelligence, learning, communication |
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| integration, hearing, taste, elaborated thinking |
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| separates frontal (motor) lobe from parietal (sensory) |
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| primary motor cortex. the final selection happens here. |
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| primary somatosensory cortex. All somatosensory impulses end in the post central gyrus |
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| axons. myelin which surrounds the axons is phospholipids and has a color which is white matter |
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| sensory stimuli are first detected by the sensory receptory (peripherally) and then they go to the |
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| post central gyrus which is the primary somatosensory area |
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| connect areas within the same lobe |
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| connect similar areas in the opposite hemisphere. the corpus collosum is a bundle of commissural fibers. |
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| going down or up depending on what you need to communicate upper structures to lower structures. This is how structures are sent from the cortex to the effectors or from the receptors to he cortex |
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| imp for survival. Takes care of our primary needs and motivates our bodies and determines our behavior based on emotions. |
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| cerebral spinal fluid is produced in the |
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| choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle. |
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| communication between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricles happens through a little opening called |
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| foramen munro. from there the CSF will go to the 4th ventricle. |
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| CSF will go from the 3rd venticle to the 4th ventricle by way of an opening known as the |
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| cerebral aqueduct or sylvian aqueduct |
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| communicating hydrocephalus |
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| when it can cross from one system to another. the problem occurs with production or reabsorption after it gets to the spinal cord |
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| non-communicating hydrocephalus |
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| problem in communicating between the venticular and subarachnoid system (an occlusion along the way) |
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| clear, no proteins, glucose, electroltes, amino acids, acts as a cushion, provides nutrients. |
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| how much csf do we have? how much do we make a day |
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| the brain requires how much blood? |
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| 750ml (250 from right carotid, 250 from left carotid, and 250 from basilar artery |
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| 3 vessels coming from the aortic arch (brachial cephalic vessel) |
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| brachial cephalic artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery |
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| brachial cephalic artery is also called |
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| what supplies structures of the face, mouth, orbit, and scalp |
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| the anterior circulation or carotid circulation will supply ____ of the total arterial blood supply to the cerebrum |
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| basiliar artery is responsible for arterial supply to the |
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| brainstem, cerebellum, mesencephalon |
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| circle of willis is important bc |
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| it helps to shunt or move blood from one side to another and from one circulation to another. |
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| through the circle of willis in case of needing blood from the right side is moved to the left side by way of the |
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| anterior communicating artery |
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| the anterior communicating artery communicates the |
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| right side with the left side |
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| if you need blood from the anterior circulation to the posterior circulation then you will use the |
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| posterior cerebral arteries |
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| components of the circle of willis include |
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| anterior communicating artery, right and left anterior cerebral arteries, right and left middle cerebral arteries, right and left posterior cerebral arteries, right and left posterior communicating arteries |
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| substantia nigra produces |
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| the upper motor neuron is located |
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| upstairs in the precentral gyrus primart motor cortex frontal lobe |
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| ventral horn of the spinal cord |
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| we don't have veins in the cranial cavity we have |
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| motor are always _____ sensory is always _____ |
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| the pyramid tract (lateral cortico spinal tract) in the medulla oblongata |
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| crosses to the other side at the decussation which means crossing the pyramids but also bc it is originated fro a particular path of neurons with the shape of the pyramids. |
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| the corticospinal are two lateral and anterior or ventral that |
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| send impulses to regulate motor activity, usually motor |
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| rubrospinal originates in the |
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| red nucleus in the spinal cord, so it is descending and motor |
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| originates the fiber in the cortex |
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| one in the spinal cord that receives the impulse after a synapse and sends the motor impulse to the motor effector |
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| the receptor is very specific |
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| the receptor only dects one type of stimulus and one type of stimulus is detected by this particular receptor. |
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| the transducer is a structure that converts |
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| one type of energy to another |
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| sensory receptors are known as |
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| type of sensory impulse which are pain, superficial pressure, heat/ cold are conducted by the |
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| medial lemniscus dorsal column tract |
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| crossing upstairs in the medulla oblongata |
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| cortico-spinal tract crosses |
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| downstairs/ at the spinal cord level |
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| the motor descending pathways cross |
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| at the level of the medulla oblongata |
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| the dorsal column has two different types of fibers known as |
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