Term
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Definition
| opening of central canal into fourth ventricle... V at mid-medulla (splits medulla into open half and closed half) |
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Term
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Definition
| bulge representing the gracile nucleus just inferior to the obex |
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Term
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Definition
| bulge representing the cuneate nucleus just lateral to the gracile tubercle |
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Term
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Definition
| ascending dorsal white column (lateral) for sensory regions from trunk to neck |
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Term
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Definition
| ascending dorsal white column (medial) for sensory regions from foot to hip |
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Term
| middle cerebellar peduncle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cranial nerves 7 and 8 emerge here |
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Term
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Definition
| descending motor tracts from cortex to midbrain, pons, medula and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| nerve rootlets of 9 and 10 dorsal to olive, hypoglossal nerve emerges from the ventral border of olive |
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Term
| What nerves exit the cerebellapontine angle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the trigeminal nerve exit? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the positioning of motor and sensory tracts in brainstem |
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Definition
| motor tract in the brainstem are generaly ventral (pyramids-corticospinal) or midline structures (tectospinal and reticulospinal tracts) sensory tracts are dorsal (midline Medial lemniscus) and lateral(upper brainstem ML and ALS,and SCT) |
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Term
| name structures in caudal medulla |
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Definition
| central canal, gracile nucleus and fasciculus, cuneate nucleus and fasciculus, spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract, pyramidal decussation |
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Term
| superior closed medulla structures |
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Definition
| obex, large G/C nucleii, internal arcuate fibers, forming ML, inferior olivary nucleus, pyramids, hypoglossus nucleus(dorsal midine) |
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Term
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Definition
| 4th ventricle, choiroid plexus, hypoglossal nucleus, inferior to XII nucleus is MLF --> tectospinal tract beneath it), inferior cerebellar peduncle (plus nucleii of VIII), medial lemniscus, inferior olivary nucleus (full) |
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Term
| rostral open medulla structures |
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Definition
| vestibular nuclei and cochlear nucleii wrapping around ICP (restiform body) |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebellar vermis, superior cerebellar peduncle, 4th ventricle, middle cerebellar peduncle, pyramid (assembling) |
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Term
| upper part of pontomedullary junction |
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Definition
| fibers of VII, facial colliculus, abducens nucleus, facial nucleus, central tegmental tract, medial lemniscus |
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Term
| what do VII fibers form in floor of 4th ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| periventricular gray matter, medial leminiscus, pontocerebellar fibers, pontine nuclei, corticospinal fibers |
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Term
| what orientation does medial lemnisicus have in caudal pons? |
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Definition
| horizontal (legs to arms --- lateral to medial) |
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Term
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Definition
| narrowing 4th ventricle, central gray matter, middle cerebellar peduncle |
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Term
| describe the make-up of the pontine basis |
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Definition
| pontine nucleii, corticospinal fibers, corticopontine fibers |
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Term
| pontomesencephalic junction |
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Definition
| cerebral aqueduct, midbrain tectume, central gray is large, trochlear nucleus ventral to central gray, SCP decussation |
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Term
| at the transition point between midbrain and pons what emerges from the pontine basis |
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Definition
| crux cerebri -- which is the caudal aspect of the cerbral peduncle which will become disorganized in pontine basis and reorganized into pyramids |
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Term
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Definition
| superior colliculus, interpenduncular fossa |
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Term
| name the four block of crus cerebri |
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Definition
| corticopontine, corticospinal fibers, corticonuclear fibers, corticopontine fibers |
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Term
| rostral midbrain diencephalon junction |
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Definition
| pineal gland, pulvinar, medial geniculate nucleus, medial lemniscus, red nucleus |
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Term
| what do the medial geniculate and the pulvinar belong to? |
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Definition
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Term
| what system is the red nucleus a part of? |
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Definition
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Term
| vertebral arteries unite into what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the primary sources for blood supply to brainstem? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| supplies rostral/dorsal medulla;comes off vertebral arteries before union |
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Term
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Definition
| supply caudal/dorsolateral medulla; posterior spinal artery comes of PICA as they course anterior to posterior |
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Term
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Definition
| supplies dorsolateral tegmental pons; 1st arteries to come off basilar artery |
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Term
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Definition
| supplies dorsal/caudal midbrain |
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Term
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Definition
| post cerebral arteries; supplies rostral midbrain |
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Term
| how do arteries enter brainstem? name territories |
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Definition
| paramedian territory, dorsolateral territory, ventrolateral territory |
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Term
| what is the placement of long circumfrential versus short circumfrential branches |
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Definition
long --> dorsolateral
short --> ventrolateral |
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Term
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Definition
| a neural tissue in the tegmentum of brainstem that fills in all the spaces around nucleii and tracts |
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Term
| what fibers does the midbrain basis contain? |
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Definition
| corticopontine, coritcobulbar, and corticospinal |
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Term
| where are the cranial nerve nucleii in the brainstem? |
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Definition
| tegmentum (also contains major ascending sensory tracts and two integrative tracts--MLF and central tegmental tract) |
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Term
| order of cranial nerve nucleii from medial to lateral in brainstem |
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Definition
GSE, GVE, SVE, SVA, GVA,GSA, SSA
---------------------------->
alar and dorsal plates splay out laterally in the brainstem |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| describe what is ventrolateral to the cuneate nucleus |
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Definition
| the spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus (ventrolateral to that is the SCT and ALS) |
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Term
| transverse fiber bundles in pontine basis |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the medial lemniscus look like at the pontomedullary junction |
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Definition
| central, globular and just beginning to slip laterally |
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Term
| what is mixed up with the medial lemniscus midline at the pontomedullary junction? |
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Definition
| trapezoid (crossing fibers of auditory system) |
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Term
| which two cranial nucleii emerge in the caudal pons? |
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Definition
| abducens (dorsal and lateral to the MLF) and facial nucleus (ventrolateral to abducens |
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Term
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Definition
| a bump in the dorsal surface of caudal pons where facial fibers pass over abducens nucleus |
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Term
| where is the central tegmental tract? |
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Definition
| in the central tegument of the pons, lateral to the MLF at pontomedullary junction |
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Term
| at mid-pons where is the superior cerebellar peduncle? |
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Definition
| it is the pontine tectum; lateral walls of the fourth ventricle; moved partially down into the pontine tegmentum |
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Term
| what system is the lateral lemniscus a part of? where is it added on? |
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Definition
| it is a part of the auditory system and it is added on to the later ALS in mid-pons |
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Term
| two nucleii in midpons tegument belonging to trigeminal system |
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Definition
| chief sensory nucleus and trigeminal motor nucleus |
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Term
| where do we begin to see periventricular gray matter? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the shape of the fourth ventricle in the rostral pons? |
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Definition
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Term
| list structures of pontomesencephalic junction from dorsal to ventral |
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Definition
inferior colliculus
PAG
central aqueduct
PAG
IV nucleus
MLF
SCP decussation |
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Term
| where is the substantia nigra according to Bales PDF? |
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Definition
| ventrolateral tegmentum of the caudal midbrain |
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Term
| the cerebral peduncles belong to what part of the midbrain |
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Definition
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Term
| corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers |
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Definition
| mid 3/5 fibers of the crus cerebri |
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Term
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Definition
| medial 1/5 of crus cerebri fibers |
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Term
| parietal-occipital-temporal pontine fibers |
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Definition
| lateral 1/5 of crus cerebri fibers |
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Term
| an integrative nucleus of the visual system |
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Definition
| superior colliculus, rostral midbrain |
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Term
| where is the nucleus of cranial nerve III in the rostral midbrain? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| just rostral to the occumulomotor nucleii in the rostral midbrain |
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