Term
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Definition
| connects similar things across midline |
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Term
| components of epithalamus |
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Definition
| pineal gland and posterior commisure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is the white line on top of thalamus? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is in the dorsal wall of the pineal stalk? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the prominent posterior part of the midbrain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 subdivisions of the diencephalon and where are they in relation to eachother? |
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Definition
| thalamus (central), epithalamus (posterosuperior) and hypothalamus (inferior) |
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Term
| The major afferent tract to habenula? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| animal experiements- role in emotional and motivational decision-making |
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Term
| Where is the pineal gland located? |
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Definition
| It is a posterior projection that floats in CSF between the midbrain and corpus callosum. |
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Term
| Can the pineal gland show up on and Xray? If so Why? |
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Definition
| Yes, propensity to get calcified. |
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Term
| If the pineal gland becomes a tumor, what does it compress and what are the consequences? |
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Definition
| Compresses and closes off the cerebral aqueduct-> visual problems and closes off aqueduct to midbrain->ballooned out corpus callosum which leads to hydrocephaly. |
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Term
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Definition
| grey matter over a central core (ridge) of white matter |
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Term
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Definition
| trough between adjacent gyri |
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Term
| The sulcus is occupied by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do the folds affect brain fx? |
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Definition
| No, potential to injury only |
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Term
What do you lose in neurodegenerative diseases?
What morphological changes? |
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Definition
| Grey matter. Widening of sulci is secondary to grey shrinkage. |
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Term
| what are the 12 names gyri? |
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Definition
sup. midddle and inf frontal
precentral and postcentral
sup. middle and inf temporal
sup parietal, supramarginal, angular and occipital...now show where they are on your partner:) |
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Term
| precentral and postcentral gyrus are connected by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the parts of the hypothalamus |
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Definition
| mammillary bodies and pituitary stalk |
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Term
| What major landmark is just rostral and inferior to the hypothalamus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What and where is Broca's area? |
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Definition
directs speech production. pars triangularis B45 and pars opercularis B44 (inf frontal gyrus).
NB: broca's area is unilateral with side of occurence called the dominant hemisphere. RH on LS 95% and LH 65% of time, |
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Term
| Where are BA 6 and 8 located and what is there fx? |
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Definition
6-posteriormost superior and middle frontal gyri: planning and body movements.
B8: rostral to B6: frontal eye fields bilaterally->horizontal eye movements |
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Term
| name the inf. frontal gyrus parts and where they are in relation to eachother. |
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Definition
| pars opercularis
pars triangularis
pars orbitalis |
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Term
| what is BA 44 and 45 and what fx |
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Definition
| Broca's area for motor speech |
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Term
|
Definition
superior temporal gyrus
BA 22 think auditory (secondary) |
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Term
| what do you find at the end of the lateral fissure? |
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Definition
| supramarginal gyrus (BA40) |
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Term
| What is at the end of the superior temporal sulcus |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the insular found? |
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Definition
| medial to frontal and parietal lobes. |
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Term
Where is primary auditory cortex?
What are BA #s? |
|
Definition
tranverse temporal gyri
BA 41 and 42 |
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Term
| Where is the short gyri of insular? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where is the long insular gyri |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where is the cingulate gyrus? |
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Definition
| wraps around corpus callosum |
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Term
| what connects parahippocampal gyrus and cingulate gyrus (limbic lobe) |
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Definition
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Term
| what separates the occipital lobe into upper and lower parts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What BA # and where is the primary visual cortex? |
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Definition
BA 17
either side of calcarine sulcus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where is BA 34 and what is it associated |
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Definition
| medial uncus, olfactory anf limbic (movement) |
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Term
| Where is the anterior commissure? |
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Definition
| Anterior wall of 3rd ventricle (lamina terminalis) |
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Term
| What does the brainstem consist of? |
|
Definition
| medulla, pons and mid-brain |
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Term
| What large white matter tract arches above the thalamus? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the septum pellucidum? |
|
Definition
| semitransparant membrane stretching between the corpus callosum and fornix, separating the left and right ventricles |
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Term
|
Definition
| bump on posteromedial thalamus representing habenular nucleus |
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Term
| Is the stria medulla thalami functionally related to the pinneal gland? |
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Definition
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Term
Where is the posterior commisure?
What purpose does it serve? |
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Definition
junction of the pineal stalk and midbrain tectum, near jx of 3rd ventricle and cerebral aqueduct.
It serves 2 nuclei involved in visual system reflexes: pretectal nucleus and superior colliculus. |
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Term
| What is the primary motor cortex and what is the BA #? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| postcentral sulcus priamary sensory cortex |
|
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Term
| Describe the motor homunculus |
|
Definition
| headless trunk standing on the cingulate gyrus and bent over the medial-lateral junction, holdingits head by the hair |
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Term
| Describe the sensory homunculus |
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Definition
| genitals on medial surface, headless trunk on cingulate gyrus and bent over holding head by hair (larger face than motor) |
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Term
| Prefrontal cortex has what fx? |
|
Definition
| thinking, cognition, personality. |
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Term
| Where is Wernicke's area? |
|
Definition
| Posterior part of BA 22 (secondary auditory cortex) on superior temporal gyrus. |
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Term
|
Definition
39: angular gyrus-just rostral to the boundary with the occipital lobe.
40: supramarginal gyrus-rostral to angular. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Transverse temporal gyri are located on the superior aspect of the temporal lobe. NB: have to remove parts of frontal and parietal lobes to reveal. |
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Term
|
Definition
| posterior to Heschl's gyri-> language processing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Primary auditory cortex surrounded on 3 sides by secondary auditory cortex BA 22 |
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Term
| Where are insualargyri located? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| frontal, temporal and parietal operculum. |
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Term
| What surrounds the island of grey matter known as the insular? |
|
Definition
| circular sulcus (it's moat) |
|
|
Term
| What separate the inf and sup parietal lobule and where is it located? |
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Definition
| interparietal sulcus. Above the angualar and supramarginal gyri. |
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|
Term
| What wraps around the corpus callosum? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| cingulate gyrus + parahippocampal gyrus |
|
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Term
| What is the fx of the isthmus? |
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Definition
| connects the cingulate to the parahippocampal gyrus at the splenium |
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Term
| What branch of the cingulate turns upward? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| b/w marginal ramus and parietooccipital sulcus (parietal lobe) |
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Term
| What divides the upper and lower occiptital lobes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the cuneus and lingual gyrus? |
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Definition
| Above and below the calcarine sulcus in the occiptial lobe. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cortex along either side of the calcarine sulcus-primary visual area. |
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|
Term
| 5 gyri of inferior surface |
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Definition
| gyrus rectus, orbital gyri, parahippocampal, occipitotemporal and inf temporal gyrus. |
|
|
Term
| where is the olfactory sulcus? |
|
Definition
| in b/w gyrus rectus and orbital gyri. |
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|
Term
| What lie in the olfactory gyrus |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What lies at the anterimedial projection of the parahippocampus gyrus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What separates teh parahippocampal gyrus from the occipitotemporal gyrus and where are they located? |
|
Definition
| collateral sulcus. inf cerebral cortex (medial to lateral) |
|
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Term
| BA 28 and B34 location and what is special about them? |
|
Definition
28: Anterior parahippocampal gyrus
34: medial side of uncus
Both primary olfactory and limbic assoc iation cortices. |
|
|
Term
| Do the folds and folding pattern have a neural functional pattern? |
|
Definition
| No! cortical surface folding differ amoung individuals-major features same, but not the details. |
|
|
Term
| How do neurons build up the cortical layers? Which directions and through what layers? |
|
Definition
| From the inside out via radial migration. Ventricular surface->subventricular zone->intermediate zone->subplate->cortical plate->marginal zone->superficial granular layer. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Name the vasculature supplying the brain. |
|
Definition
| Carotid aa (carotid canal) and vertebral aa (foramen magnum) join to form basilar a. anterior, middle and posterior cerebral aa. Anterior connected via ant communicating branch and carotid to post. cerebral via post communiating br. If confused at this pt....LOOK IT UP!! |
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|
Term
| What aa are involved in circle of Willis |
|
Definition
| ant. communicating, ant cerebral (L and R), internal carotid (L and R),posterior cerebral (L and R) and post. communicating (L and R) |
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Term
| Describe the path of the anterior cerebral artery |
|
Definition
carotid a-> cerebral a->wraps dorsally around corpus callosum in the longnitudinal fissure. Supplies medial surface and corpus callosum as far as parietal-occipital sulcus. Branches extend out of the longnitudinal fissure onto the lateral surface.
IF you got that good job...if not keep trying:) |
|
|
Term
| Give me the details of anterior cerebral a's path |
|
Definition
A1-ICA to ant communicatin a
A2- ant communicating to genu
At genu it splits into pericallosal(inf) and callosomargical brs.
A3-distal to genu |
|
|
Term
| name structure ACA supplies |
|
Definition
| corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, sup frontal gyrus and paracentral lobule |
|
|
Term
| Describe the flow of middle cerebral artery and what it supplies |
|
Definition
| back thru lateral fissure and supplies lateral fissure area, superior temporal lobe and most of lateral surface. |
|
|
Term
| name the structures the MCA supplies |
|
Definition
| insula, auditory cortex, upper limb and face motor and sensory areas |
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Term
|
Definition
| between cerebrum and cerebellum. |
|
|
Term
| what structures does PCA supply? |
|
Definition
| medial and inferior temporal lobe, medial and lateral occipital lobes. |
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