Term
| hearing loss from non-occupational noise exposure |
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Definition
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Term
| hearing loss from all other causes (e.g. disease, ototoxicity, hereditary) |
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Definition
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Term
| __-__ million US workers are exposed to hazardous noise levels (> 85 dBA) on the job |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some common occupations at risk for noise exposure? |
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Definition
| agriculture, mining, construction, manufacturing and utilities, transportation, and military |
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Term
| 1 in __ develop permanent SNHL & many will experience tinnitus |
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Definition
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Term
Agriculture:
-Prevalence rate is ___% of hearing loss in noise-exposed workers in Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting (AFFH) sector
-As many as 1 in __ (up to 36% have hearing loss) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Because HL caused by noise is permanent
-To maximize communication ability
-Improve job performance and safety |
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Term
| hearing loss caused due to exposure to high noise levels |
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Definition
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Term
| hearing loss due to exposure to high noise levels at work (e.g. to carry out occupation/job) |
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Definition
| Occupational noise-induced HL (ONIHL) |
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Term
| What are some common damages caused the the IE from noise? |
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Definition
| swollen/twisted hair cells, stereocilia disarrayed, tectorial membrane detached from stereocilia, reduced enzymes in cochlear fluids, broken stereocilia, fused stereocilia, hair cells disintegrate, and never fibers that innervate hair cells can disappear |
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Term
| How can acoustic trauma effect the middle ear? |
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Definition
| May cause ossicular chain disarticulation and may perforate the TM |
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Term
| What are some auditory effects of noise? |
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Definition
| SNHL, tinnitus, hyperacusis, distortion, and diplacusis |
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Term
| When a tone of one freq. is presented to both ears, the pitch of the tones is perceived to be different. Can interfere with the perception of music |
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Definition
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Term
Structures associated with ___ Hz region might be more
susceptible to acoustic trauma |
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Definition
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Term
Why 4000 Hz is most commonly affected by noise exposure:
-EAC resonant frequency is about ___-___ Hz. Maximum loss often occurs about ___ octave above the exposure frequency
- Middle ear muscle contraction (due to intense sounds) reduces ___-freq energy transmission into the cochlea (___ freq. energy is relatively unaffected) |
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Definition
| 2700-3000; 1/2; low; high |
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Term
| What are some non-auditory effects of noise? |
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Definition
-Lost productivity, increased likelihood of on-the-job injuries
-Increased likelihood of on-the-job injuries
-Increased blood pressure
-Fatigue
-Irritability
-Absenteeism/poorer attitude
-Communication difficulty |
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Term
| What are some occupational noise sources for noise exposure? |
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Definition
| power tools, machinery, transportation, manufacturing processes, weapons, and music |
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Term
| sound levels measured with a sound level meter set to “A weighting” scale |
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Definition
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Term
| Sound levels of ___ dBA and above are thought to be potentially hazardous levels |
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Definition
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Term
| Erratic, intermittent, or statistically random oscillation; Any unwarranted disturbance within a useful frequency band |
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Definition
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Term
| Has a sharp rise & rapid decay in sound level |
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Definition
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Term
-Impulsive noise lasts less than __ second(s)
-___ noise caused by a force over time
-___ noise caused by a single collision of one mass in motion with a second mass (at rest or in motion) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some factors that increase NIHL? |
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Definition
| age, smoking, genetics, and exposure to certain chemical agents |
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Term
| What are some organic solvents associated with NIHL? |
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Definition
| Styrene, toluene, and xylene |
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Term
| What are some metals that are associated with NIHL? |
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Definition
| Mercury, lead, and trimethyltin |
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Term
| What are some asphyxiants that are associated with NIHL? |
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Definition
| Carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide |
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Term
-More than ____ children in US have blood lead levels greater than normal
-___ million homes have lead hazards |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some substances that expose workers to xylene, toluene, and methyl-ethyl ketone? |
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Definition
| Fules (gas), paints and adhesives, and heating industry (propane and kerosene) |
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Term
| What is substance is associated with styrene? |
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Definition
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Term
| What industry is associated with toluene? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some parts of a hearing conservation program? |
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Definition
| Noise measures, noise controls, audiometric monitoring, education and motivation, HPDs, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the HCP |
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Term
| identify potentially hazardous areas |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the point of education and motivation? |
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Definition
-Train workers & management about effects of noise & how HCPs reduce ONIHL
-Motivate workers to cooperate with HCP requirements |
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Term
| What does CAOHC stand for? |
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Definition
| Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation (CAOHC) |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 representatives from 9 professional organizations (including AAA, ASHA, and AAO-HNS) |
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Term
CAOHC:
-Made up of Occupational Hearing Conservationists who are ___ and Course Directors who are ___ and ___
-Not a ___ society
-Not a ___ organization |
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Definition
| technicians, audiologists and physicians; professional; membership |
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Term
| What does NIOSH stand for? |
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Definition
| National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health |
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Term
| What is NIOSH interested in? |
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Definition
-Interested in all aspects of on-the-job health & safety
-Interested in preventing NIHL
-Conducts research |
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Term
| What does OSHA stand for? |
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Definition
| Occupational Safety & Health Administration |
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Term
OSHA:
-To assure safe & healthful ___ conditions
-Enforces ___, provides training
-OSHA is part of the US Department of ___ |
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Definition
| working; standards; Labor |
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Term
OSHA standards:
-___ dB permissible exposure limit
-Exchange rate: __ dB |
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Definition
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Term
NIOSH Standards:
-___ dB permissible exposure limit
-Exchange rate: __ dB
-Considered "___ ___" |
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Definition
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Term
| Trading relationship between level & duration of noise exposure |
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Definition
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Term
Example of Exchange Rate:
-Example: OSHA (1983) has a 5 dB exchange rate
-For every 5 dB increase in exposure level, the allowable duration is reduced by ___ |
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Definition
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