Term
|
Definition
mostly non-pathogenic
Gram positive, large rods
spore-forming under aerobic conditions
motile, beta hemolytic |
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|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis Characteristics |
|
Definition
REPORTABLE
large, gram-positive rods with square/concave ends in chains
aerobic, non-motile
non-hemolytic in sheep blood
can be hemolytic on human/rabbit blood
ground glass colonies
medusa head morphology |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus cereus Characteristics |
|
Definition
| aerobic spore former, soil inhabitant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acute and Fatal Gangrenous Mastitis
Abortion in Cows and Ewes
Food Poisoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
enters udder through contaminated treatment or treatment devices
improper teat sanitation prior to intramammary tx |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus cereus Food Poisoning Forms |
|
Definition
Emetic Form - short incubation caused by emetic strains from heat resistant toxin
Diarrheal Form - long incubation caused by diarrheal strains with heat labile enterotoxins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hemolysin
Nonhemolytic Enterotoxin
Cytotoxin K |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis Spores |
|
Definition
formed upon exposure to air
have to dispose body by cremation
spores stable in soil for up to 22 years |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis Pathogenesis |
|
Definition
frank pathogen, zoonotic,
mainly infects wild and domestic herbivores |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis Disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
enter through skin or mucous membranes
ingestion is possible
spores germinate at site of entry to give septic/localized infection |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis Symptoms in Ruminants and Horses |
|
Definition
Ruminants = sudden, high fever, bloat, bleeding from orifices, edema, death in 1-2 hours
Horses = colic, edematous swelling of throat, neck, shoulders |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis Symptoms in Dogs and Swine |
|
Definition
pharyngeal swelling, gastroenteritis, inflammatory edema of head and neck
suffocation |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis Diagnosis |
|
Definition
| PCR from swab and incinerate dead animal on site as quickly as possible |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis Damage |
|
Definition
Capsule - inhibit opsonization and phagocytosis
Exotoxins - edema factor, protective antigen, lethal factor |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis Exotoxins |
|
Definition
Edema Factor - adenylate cyclase
Protective Antigen - host binding and pore formation
forms pore so that the toxin can get into cell to cause damage
Lethal Factor - zinc protease |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis Virulence Factors Combinations |
|
Definition
LF + PA = lethal
EF + PA = edema
EF + LF = inactive
PA + LF + EF = edema, necrosis, lethal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bacillus anthracis virulent factor
degrades MAPKK to inhibit survival of the cell, proliferation, apoptosis
results in cell death
inhibits dendritic cell maturation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bacillus anthracis virulence factor
forms a pore in the cell to allow entrance of lethal factor and edema factor inside the cell |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis Treatment/Prevention |
|
Definition
REPORTABLE
burn/incinerate dead animals on site
do not necropsy the animal
exposure to air leads to sporulation
move rest of herd to new pasture and vaccinate
tell client to seek medical attention immediately
antibiotics effective for human cutaneous anthrax but not pulmonary form
early treatment is crucial |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis Vaccination |
|
Definition
antibodies raised against protective antigen
immunity lasts 1 years |
|
|
