Term
| What are the features of classic stable Angina? |
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Definition
| Defining feature is worsening with exertion, characterized by substernal pain w/radiation to left arm, jaw, or shoulder, may occur after eating or with cold exposure |
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Term
| What are the features of unstable Angina? |
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Definition
| Similar to classical, sudden onset, changes occur in quality, intensity, frequency, and duration of the pain, characteristically occurs at rest, refractory to therapy |
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Term
| What is the key factor in mixed Angina? |
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Definition
| Not progressive in severity |
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Term
| What are some risk factors for Angina? |
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Definition
| Hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, family history, males, age, postmenopausal women |
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Term
| What are some common signs of atherosclerosis? |
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Definition
| Cloudy ring of cholesterol surrounds the eye (Arcus senilis), optic fundi shows AV knicking, atrophic skin changes, bruits (swishing sound), S3 or S4, systolic murmurs, pulmonary rales, elevated or depressed ST on cardiogram, enlarged cardiac shadow on a CXR, hyperlipidemia |
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Term
| What are the features of Pericarditis? |
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Definition
| Substernal pain, constant without relief, pericardial friction rub, dyspnea and tachycardia w/tamponade, not associated with physical exertion, relieved by sitting forward (*unique feature), NO sign of atherosclerosis, often seen with rheumatoid arthritis |
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Term
| What kind of labs would you see with Pericarditis? |
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Definition
| Increased erythrocyte sedimentation, positive inflammatory markers, diffuse ST segments elevated in EKG |
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Term
| Mitral valve prolapse is most common in what demographic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the classic characteristic finding for mitral valve prolapse? |
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Definition
| Mid-systolic click and murmur, distinguished by family history, generally characterized by substernal chest pain w/dyspnea and possible pectus excavatum |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of pulmonary embolism? |
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Definition
| Sudden onset of unilateral chest pain, severe dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea, possible pleural rub |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of esophageal spasm? |
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Definition
| Very difficult to differentiate from coronary disease, classically unrelated to exertion, onset is with specific body position and frequent association with reflux, characterized by substernal or epigastric pain, usually after eating |
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Term
| How are esophageal spasms diagnosed? |
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Definition
| Upper GI barium swallow, esophageal manometry, EKG and labs tend to be normal |
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