Term
| Are causes superficial dermatophytes (fungal infections)? |
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Definition
| The "tineas", affects stratum corneum, hair, and nails |
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Term
| How is tinea pedis (athlete's foot) treated? |
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Definition
| Dry tinea pedis: topical antifungal, Macerated tinea pedis: aluminum chloride along with topical and systemic antifungals |
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Term
| What are the clinical features of Tinea Unguium? |
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Definition
| Onycholysis, thickened nail plate, subungual debris, distal subungual invasion via hyponchium (most common), proximal subungual invasion under proximal nail fold in immunoicompromised, white superficial direct invasion into superficial nail plate |
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Term
| What should make you rethink a Tinea Unguium diagnosis? |
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Definition
| Lack of toenail infection, is seen in hand, toenail, and plantar foot, the "two foot-one hand disease" |
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Term
| How is Tinea Unguium treated? |
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Definition
| Difficult to clear/high relapse, Terbinafine has highest cure rate |
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Term
| What are the clinical features of Tinea Manuum? |
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Definition
| Erythema and fine scale, feet are always involved, usually one-hand and two-feet |
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Term
| How is Tinea Manuum treated? |
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Definition
| Terbinafine, Itraconazole, Fluconazole |
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Term
| What are the clinical features of Tinea Cruris ("jock itch") |
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Definition
| Feet and toenails are source of dermatophytosis, may extend to the perineum, perirectal area, buttocks, does not involve genitals and rarely seen in women, common in inguinal crease and upper inner thigh |
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Term
| What are the clinical features of Tinea Corporis (ringworm)? |
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Definition
| Annular patch with distinctive slightly raised, fin scaling along border w/central clearing, Majocchi's granuloma (tinea profunda) may occur secondary to topical corticosteroid application |
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Term
| How do you determine whether or not a fungus is causing Tinea Corporis? |
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Definition
| Dissolving in KOH - "if it scales, scrape it" |
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Term
| How is Tinea Corporis treated? |
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Definition
| Antifungal agent if superficial, If Majocchi's granuloma is present, topical antifungals are ineffective, must use systemic antifungals - Griseofulvin, Terbinafine, Azoles |
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Term
| What are the clinical features of Tinea Capitis? |
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Definition
| Similar to Seborrheic dermatitis w/dry scaling and patches of alopecia, hair breaks off at follicular opening leaving black dots, patches/thin plaques, kerion (painful boggy mass with pustules) |
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Term
| How is Tinea Capitis treated? |
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Definition
| If it is Seborrheic-like, give oral Griseofulvin (Terbinafine as backup), if Kerion is present, give both oral Griseofulvin and Terbinafine |
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Term
| How is Tinea Barbae treated? |
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Definition
| Bacterial, viral, and fungal cultures, topicals have no effect if follicular, systemic antifungal often needed |
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Term
| What are some predisposing factors of Candida (fungal) infections? |
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Definition
| Moisture, heat, maceration, occlusion, associated with Diabetes mellitus, Cushing's disease, infants up to 6mo, immunosuppresion |
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Term
| What are the general clinical features of Candida? |
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Definition
| Paronychia, intertrigo, angular cheilitis, thrush, vulvovaginitis, balanitis, diaper dermatitis |
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Term
| What are the clinical features of Candida albicans? |
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Definition
| Involves proximal nail fold, common w/wet-work, tender, painful, erythematous swelling, nail dystrophy, positive "bolster" sign |
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Term
| How is Candida Paronychia treated? |
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Definition
| Topical anticandidal agents - Azole and Ciclopirox, Systemic anti-candidal agents - Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole (Oral Nystatin NOT for skin infections) |
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Term
| What are the clinical features of Candida Intertrigo? |
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Definition
| Bright, red, moist denuded skin w/ satellite lesions |
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Term
| How is Candida INtertrigo treated? |
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Definition
| Drow out the moist area, topical and systemic anti-candidal agents |
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Term
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Definition
| Seen in Candida infections, involves mucous membrane of the mouth or the vagina, loosely adherent white patches with underlying bright red, moist mucosa, may be painful |
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Term
| How is Candida Thrush treated? |
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Definition
| Oral nystatin in infants, systemic anti-candidal agents |
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