Term
| What is Molluscum Contagiosum and what is its cause? |
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Definition
| Caused by poxvirus (largest virus to infect human body), causes pink or flesh colored, dome shaped umbilicated papules or nodules, transferred by direct contact, lesions are self-limiting but may take years to resolve, treat with retinoids, cryotherapy, or cantharidun |
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Term
| How is Herpesvirus transmitted and developed? |
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Definition
| Host exposed via saliva or sexual contact, primary infection may or may not form initial lesion, virus becomes latent within dorsal root ganglia, subsequently reactivated and causes recurrent infection |
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Term
| What are the primary and recurrent infections of HSV-1? |
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Definition
| Primary = Gingivostomatitis (painful vesicles/erosions in mouth with characteristic grey membrane), Recurrent = Herpes labialis (preceded by prodrome, typically affects vermillion border of lip and resurfaces every 2-3 years) |
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Term
| What are the primary and recurrent infections of VZV? |
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Definition
| Primary = Varicella (chicken pox), Recurrent = Herpes zoster (shingles) |
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Term
| What are the clinical features of primary genital herpes? |
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Definition
| Caused by HSV-2, presents with multiple painful grouped vesicles and erosions on the ano-genital mucosa, painful inguinal lymphadenopathy, primary tends to be more severe than recurrent |
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Term
| What are the clinical features of recurrent genital herpes? |
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Definition
| Reactivation of HSV-2, causes prodrome, tender grouped vesicles or erosions, average recurrence is 4-7 per year |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of Herpes Gladiatorum? |
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Definition
| Herpes caused by direct contact seen in contact sports, common in wrestlers |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of Herpetic Whitlow? |
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Definition
| Intense painful herpetic vesicular infection of hand involving 1 or more fingers caused either by HSV-1 or HSV-2 |
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Term
| What are the clinical features of neonatal herpes simplex? |
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Definition
| Acquired during delivery, 50% mortality w/out treatment, must be promptly treated with IV acyclovir |
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Term
| How is Orolabial herpes treated? |
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Definition
| Valacyclovir 2g PO bid x 1 day |
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Term
| How is genital herpes treated? |
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Definition
| Valacyclovir 500 mg PO bid x 3-5 days |
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Term
| How long are patients contagious when they've contracted Varicella (chicken pox)? |
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Definition
| Acquired by respiratory droplets, contagious 1-2 days prior to appearance and approx 6 days after (crusts are noninfectious) |
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Term
| What are the clinical features of Varicella? |
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Definition
| Little or no prodrome in children, self limited and benign, More severe in adults, can develop into varicella pneumonia, presents as "dew drop on a rose petal" with lesions in all stages of development from papules, vesicles, and crust as a hallmark feature |
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Term
| How is chickenpox trated? |
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Definition
| Bland antipuritic lotions, NSAIDs, antibiotics for secondary infections, Acyclovir in adults |
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Term
| What are the clinical features of Herpes Zoster? |
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Definition
| Reactivation of VZV virus due to stress, immunosuppression, or fatigue, begins with prodrome of pain which can be intense, lesions occur along single dermatome, are inulateral, and rarely cross the midline usually along thoracic nerves |
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Term
| Herpes zoster on the tip/side of nose is known as what? |
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Definition
| Hutchinson's sign, means nasociliary branch of CN V is involved, potentially serious ocular complications |
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Term
| What is Post-Herpetic Neuralgia? |
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Definition
| A complication of Herpes Zoster wherein a patient experiences persistent intense pain at lesional site long after lesion has resolved, often severe and lasts months to years, caused by extensive inflammation and scarring or atrophy or dorsal root ganglia, early treatment is key |
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Term
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Definition
| Immediate antiviral upon onset, acute pain management |
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Term
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Definition
| AN intensely pruritic skin eruption caused by the parasite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis |
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Term
| What are the clinical symptoms of scabies? |
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Definition
| Intense pruritis, worse at night, characteristic burrow that's linear, curved, or s-shaped, tends to be in interdigital web spaces and volar wrist. Polymorphic lesions occur around breasts in women and genitals in men, atypical locations in infants |
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Term
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Definition
| A varient of scabies that presents with reddish-brown pruritic nodules, classcially in penis and scrotum |
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Term
| What is Norewgian/Crusted scabies? |
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Definition
| An overwhelming scabetic infestation that occurs in those with weak immunity or with an indifference to pruritis, presents with crusted and thick hyperkeratotic psoriasiform plaques |
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Term
| How do you diagnose Scabies? |
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Definition
| Find the mite in typical locations, scrape site w/ #11 blade, observe on slide and observe for eggs, fecal platellets, or mites |
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Term
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Definition
| Permethrin 5% cream, treat to stop re-infection in patient and close contacts |
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Term
| What are the characteristic features of lice? |
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Definition
| ALl less than 2cm in length, flat, wingless insects w/6 legs, head and body louse look similar though body louse is larger, crab louse is smallest and resembles a sea crab |
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Term
| Describe the life cycle of a louse? |
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Definition
| Female louse lives 1-3 month w/host, 10 days w/out, lays six eggs a day until death, Nits (eggs) are <1mm in diameter, deposited on base of hair close to scalp for heat, grows to nymphs w/in 10 days, Nymphs (baby) feed by piercing skin with claws, injecting irritating saliva, and sucking blood |
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Term
| What causes head lice? How is it transmitted? |
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Definition
| Pediculus humanis capitis, transmitted directly by head to head contact or indirectly by shared towels, brushes, hats, etc. |
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Term
| What diseases do head lice carry? |
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Definition
| None, though red macules/papules and hives called pediculid may occasionally result from hypersensitivity reaction to injected saliva |
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Term
| Where are body lice found? |
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Definition
| Usually in contaminated clothing/bedding, only leave for skin surface to feed |
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Term
| What diseases do body lice carry? |
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Definition
| Associated with trench fever and epidemic typhus |
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Term
| Where are pubic lice found? |
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Definition
| Most commonly pubic hair, though may also be seen on eyelashes |
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Term
| How is Pediculosis treated? |
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Definition
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