Term
| What is Brochoalveolar Lavage (BAL)? |
|
Definition
| Performed during fiberoptic bronchoscopy, samples cells from distant airways, check cell count, cytology & culture (mycobacterial, fugal, viral), required to diagnose interstitial lung disease involving hemoptysis and acute onset ILD |
|
|
Term
| What is the initial presentation of interstitial lung disease? |
|
Definition
| Progressive yspnea, nonproductive cough, crackles, clubbing of digits |
|
|
Term
| What mechanisms are responsible for illness in interstitial lung disease? |
|
Definition
| Injury, inflammation, and scarring |
|
|
Term
| What is the process of tissue injury in the interstitium? |
|
Definition
| Attempted tissue repair -> lost alveolar surface area, fibrosis -> eventual alveolar collapse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammatory granulomatous disease, more prominent in women and african americans, can affect any organ, associated with erythema nodosum and hypercalcemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Etiology unknown, T helper lymphocytes overreact to an unknown toxin, drug or pathogen entering via respiratory tract. Causes reticular nodular pattern |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of Sarcoidosis? |
|
Definition
| Fever, weight loss, malaise, fatigue, raise red rash on face, arms and buttocks, red watery eyes, arthritis |
|
|
Term
| How is Sarcoidosis diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| Biopsy discovering any granuloma site, blood test for ACE and calcium levels, CXR, pulmonary function test, bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy |
|
|
Term
| What is the 1-2-3 sign that indicates Sarcoidosis? |
|
Definition
| Separation between nodes (hilar adenopathy) and heart in sarcoid on a CXR |
|
|
Term
| What is Lofgren syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Acute illness associated with Sarcoidosis including hilar adenopathy, fever, erythema nodosum and arthralgia |
|
|
Term
| Describe drug induced interstitial lung disease |
|
Definition
| Often reversible, blood eosinophilia, crackles, pleural rub, restrictive defect upon pulmonary function test |
|
|
Term
| What are some common drugs that cause interstitial lung disease? |
|
Definition
| Nitrofurantoin, methotrexate, amiodarone, bleomycin, aspirin, terbutaline, talc (IV drug use) |
|
|
Term
| Describe radiation induced interstitial lung disease |
|
Definition
| Looks similar to drug induced ILD but localized to injured site, occurs 2-6 weeks after treatment |
|
|
Term
| What are some important diseases associated with interstitial lung disease? |
|
Definition
| Rheum. Arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosis, systemic sclerosis, polymyositis, Sjogren's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis (Only one which causes upper lung apical fibrosis) |
|
|
Term
| What is Pulmonary Vasculitis? |
|
Definition
| AKA Wegener's Granulomatosis, allergic granulomatosis with angiitis, may or may not give ILD pattern on imaging |
|
|
Term
| How does Pulmonary Vasculitis present in the lungs? |
|
Definition
| Patchy necrosis in arteries, veins, granulomatous inflammation, upper or lower resp. tract and kidneys, Fatigue, weight loss, fevers, cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, chest pain, joint pains |
|
|
Term
| What lab findings indicate Pulmonary Vasculitis? |
|
Definition
| +ANCA antibodies, antibodies to proteinase 3 |
|
|
Term
| What is Loffler's syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Transient or migratory pulmonary infiltrates, blood eosinophilia, caused by Ascaris lumbricoides or other parasitic infections |
|
|
Term
| What is Bronchiolitis obliterans? |
|
Definition
| Intraluminal polypoid plug of granulation tissue in terminal and respiratory bronchioles, results in ILD and COPD appearance, seen in seen in infectious pneumonias, diffuse alveolar damage, aspiration, usual interstitial pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| How does Bronchiolitis obliterans manifest? |
|
Definition
| Chronic scarring process via progressive obliteration of small airways and resultant lung disease, causes air trapping and exhibits "ground glass" opacity |
|
|
Term
| What is Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)? |
|
Definition
| Polypoid endobronchial connective tissue masses extends continuously into alveolar ducts and alveoli, |
|
|
