Term
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Definition
| System that controls automatic actions. Controls things like breating, heartrate, digestion... etc. Divided into Sympathetic and Parasympathetic. Resides in the brainstem. |
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Term
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
| Part of autonomic nervous system. Tends to speed things up. "Fight or flight". Opens heart rate, dilates eyes, slows digestion, increasing breathing. Systemic "fire alarm". Affects entire body at once. Preganglionic nerve short, post are long, allowing one ganglion to connect to many end-effector organs. |
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Term
| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
| Part of autonomic nervous system. Tends to slow things down. "Rest and digest". Slows heart rate, increases digestion, slows breathing etc. Can act point to point, on body cavities and head. Preganglionic nerve long, post short, allows for individual organs to be targeted more easily. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialized synapse where two nerves meet each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tenth Cranial Nerve. Responds to what it sees in the body and affects almost everything (heart, lungs, liver, pancreas...etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Ganglion created from nerve tissue during human development. Nerve fiber travels directly to this and causes "neurohormones" to flood the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cholinergic receptor that is stimulated by nicotine. Ligand gated sodium channel. Blocked by curare. Divided into two types Nn (neuronal) which is found in the ganglions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Nm (muscle) found in neuromuscular junction of Somatic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Parasympathetic 7TM-GCPR receptors found on organs. Divided into Meven (M2,4) and Modd (M1,3,5). Activation of odd stimulates phosphoinoositide ydrolysis (increases intracellular Calcium) and increases PKC activity. Activation of evens causes inhibition of adenylyl cclase causing hyperpolarization causing more calcium to be pumped out. Agonist is muscarine, antagonist is atropine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sympathetic receptor found on organs. Also found on the adrenal gland. Divided into alpha (1 and 2) and beta (1,2,3) |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs using acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter. |
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Term
| Choline Acetyltransferase |
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Definition
| Enzyme used to create Acetylcholine from choline and acetyl coenzyme A. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme used to break down acetylcholine at the synaptic junctions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme found in plasma and liver which degrades acetylcholine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary drug given to Parkinson's patients. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adrenergic receptor predominate on smooth muscle of blood vessels. Also found on the eye and sphincters of GI and urinary tract. Regulate muscle contractility by stimulation of phospholipase C causing increased intracellular calcium. Binds to alpha-q part of g-protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adrenergic receptor found on presynaptic nerve terminals. Inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity. Typically inhibits activity of neurons by causing hyperpolarization. Inhibits postganglionic nerve from continuously releasing NE and EPI. Binds ot alphi-i part of g-protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adrenergic receptor found on the sinoatrial and atrialventricular nodes of the heart, and the purkinje bundle. Increases cAMP, increases heart rate and force of contraction. Binds to alpha-s part of G protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adrenergic receptors located on most tissues. Activation leads to relaxation of smooth muscle (uterus, bronchi, GI, bladder, etc.) Binds to alpha-s of G-protein increasing adenylyl cylcase and cAMP. |
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Term
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Definition
| Least defined adrenergic receptor. Found on fat cells. Main function to cause lipolysis (release of fat/fatty acids) through increased adenylyl cclase and cAMP. |
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Term
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Definition
| Least defined adrenergic receptor. Found on fat cells. Main function to cause lipolysis (release of fat/fatty acids) through increased adenylyl cclase and cAMP. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reacts with beta2 receptors, decreasing peripheral resistance causing an increase in heart rate and systolic/diastolic pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Receptors that are unconnected to nerves and react to circulating hormones/neurotransmitters. |
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