Term
|
Definition
| Unconscious, though influenced by conscious mental functions |
|
|
Term
| Target Tissues of the ANS |
|
Definition
| Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle, Glands |
|
|
Term
| Response to Stimulation in the ANS |
|
Definition
| Target tissues are STIMULATED or INHIBITED |
|
|
Term
| Number of Synapses in the ANS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Preganglionic- Myelinated; Postganglionic- Unmyelinated |
|
|
Term
| Neurotransmitter Substance in the ANS |
|
Definition
| Acetylcholine- released by preganglionic neurons; Acetylcholine OR Norepinephrine released by postganglionic neurons |
|
|
Term
| Receptor Molecules in the ANS |
|
Definition
| In autonomic ganglia, Acetlycholine receptor- Nicotonic; In target tissues, Acetylcholine receptor- Muscarinic and Norepinephrine receptor- Alpha OR Beta Adrenergic |
|
|
Term
| Location of ganglia in Parasympathetic NS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Location of ganglia in Sympathetic NS |
|
Definition
| Sympathetic trunk, Adrenal Medulla, Collateral Ganglia |
|
|
Term
| Length of Preganglionic Fibers in Parasympathetic NS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Length of Preganglionic Fiber in Sympathetic NS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Length of Postganglionic Fibers in Parasympathetic NS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Length of Postganglionic Fibers in Sympathetic NS |
|
Definition
| Long, except for in the adrenal medulla |
|
|
Term
| Where are ganglions located in the Sympathetic NS? |
|
Definition
| Thoracic and Lumbar regions of the Spinal Cord |
|
|
Term
| Where are ganglions located in the Parasympathetic NS? |
|
Definition
| Brain and Sacral region of the Spinal Cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One nervous system inhibits, while the other stimulates activity in the target organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Both nervous systems promote the same goal in the target tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nerves that use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
| Which nerves release Acetlycholine? |
|
Definition
| ALL sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic nerves AND ALL paraysmpathetic postganglionic nerves AND Sympathetic postganglionic nerves innervating sweat glands and some skeletal muscle blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nerves that use Norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
| Which nerves release Norepinephrine? |
|
Definition
| MOST sympathetic postganglionic nerves AND the adrenal medulla |
|
|
Term
| What is the major hormone of the Sympathetic NS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major hormone of the Parasympathetic NS? |
|
Definition
| NONE- There is no hormone |
|
|
Term
| Catecholamines classify what three hormones? |
|
Definition
| Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine |
|
|
Term
| What hormones does the adrenal medulla release? How much of each? |
|
Definition
| Epinephrine (80%) and Norepinephrine and Dopamine (20%) |
|
|
Term
| What are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used for in a clinical setting? |
|
Definition
| Treating glaucoma, increasing GI motility, and treating Myasthenia Gravis |
|
|
Term
| Where is Muscarinic (M1) Receptor located? |
|
Definition
| CNS neurons, some pre-synaptic sites |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for the M1 Receptor? |
|
Definition
| Increase intracellular Calcium |
|
|
Term
| Where is Muscarinic (M2) Receptor located? |
|
Definition
| Myocardium, smooth muscle, some pre- synaptic sites |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for the M2 Receptor? |
|
Definition
| Opening the Potassium channels and Inhibiting Adenyl Cyclase |
|
|
Term
| Where is Muscarinic (M3) Receptor located? |
|
Definition
| Exocrine glands, smooth muscle, endothelium |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for the M3 Receptor? |
|
Definition
| Increase intracellular Calcium |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Nicotinic (Nn) Receptor located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for the Nn Receptor? |
|
Definition
| Opening of Sodium and Potassium channels and depolarization of the cell |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Alpha 1 Receptor located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for the Alpha 1 Receptor? |
|
Definition
| Increase intracellular Calcium |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Alpha 2 Receptor located? |
|
Definition
| Smooth muscle, pre-synaptic sites, platelets |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for the Alpha 2 Receptor? |
|
Definition
| Inhibiting Adenyl Cyclase and Decreasing cAMP |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Beta 1 Receptor located? |
|
Definition
| Myocardium, adipocytes, juxtaglomerular cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for the Beta 1 Receptor? |
|
Definition
| Stimulating Adenyl Cyclase and Increasing cAMP |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Beta 2 Receptor located? |
|
Definition
| Myocardium, smooth muscles |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for the Beta 2 Receptor? |
|
Definition
| Stimulating Adenylyl Cyclase and Increasing cAMP |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Beta 3 Receptor located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for the Beta 3 Receptor? |
|
Definition
| Stimulating NO Synthase and Increasing NO |
|
|
Term
| Where are the D1 and D5 Receptors located? |
|
Definition
| Brain, smooth muscle of renal vascular bed |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for the D1 and D5 Receptors? |
|
Definition
| Stimulating Adenyl Cyclase and Increasing cAMP |
|
|
Term
| Where are the D2, D3, and D4 Receptors located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for the D2, D3, and D4 Receptors? |
|
Definition
| Inhibiting adenyl cyclase and Decreasing cAMP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| activity under resting conditions, with the ability to increase or decrease activity as needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a response to a change in the environment |
|
|
Term
| Constriction of pupils- MIOSIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increase in secretion of watery saliva |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enhanced emptying of GI and Urinary Tracts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stimulation of release of insulin from pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Slowing of heart rate- Bradycardia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vasodilation of blood vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dilation of pupils- MYDRIASIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increase in secretion of thick, viscous saliva |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decrease in intestinal motility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibition of insulin release from pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increase of heart rate- Tachycardia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dilation of bronchial smooth muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vasoconstriction of blood vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
